The Indo-Persian state secretary has occupied center stage in the emerging discourse on bureaucracy, administration and the political formation of the Mughal state. The status and role of the munsh? (the IndoPersian state secretary) within the Mughal bureaucratic structure in 17th and 18th century have formed the basis of recent historical analysis. Scholarship on the Indo-Persian munsh? have b...

Finding an appropriate dataset for natural language processing applications is one of the main challenges for researches of this field. This issue is more problematic in Non-Latin languages especially Persian language. Access to an appropriate dataset that can be used in development of practical programs in language processing field, helps us to validate the obtained results and provide the fea...

BACKGROUND Measuring the impacts of oral conditions on quality of life is an important part of oral health needs assessment. For this purpose a variety of oral health-related quality of life instruments have been developed. To use a scale in a new context or with a different groups of people, it is necessary to re-establish its psychometric properties. The objectives of this study are to develo...

one of the most outstanding authors and poets of algeria is kateb yasin who revealed his unfortunate country’s condition toward people. he has several trace of writing to french language in novel, poem and scenario fields. but spirit based on his work, mixing with islamic culture, is arabic spirit originated from aljazeera culture. the most important of his novels, which is a new experience in ...

this paper examines the influence of persian words on italian culture and literature. these words entered italian literature before the 14 th century . first , it should be mentioned that the standard italian language has a literary origin that starts in the twelfth century, and the modern standard language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. this european language did not remain un...

to improve the position of persian as a scientific language, an organized program is required on the basis of the modern methodologies in teaching persian to speakers of other languages (tpsol), which is more obvious in regard to the rapid development of technology where traditional class-based education is being evolved into the modern computer-based one, with a tendency to a combination of bo...

In this paper we explore the problem of document summarization in Persian language from two distinct angles. In our first approach, we modify a popular and widely cited Persian document summarization framework to see how it works on a realistic corpus of news articles. Human evaluation on generated summaries shows that graph-based methods perform better than the modified systems. We carry this ...

the realization optimality theory is a recent development in the original optimality theory which is proposed to deal with morphological issues especially the inflectional ones. its main idea is to consider the morphological realization rules as ranked violable language-specific constraints that control the realization processes and provide phonological information of grammatical morphemes. thi...

the myth of the descent of adam, with all its complexities, has being preoccupied the mind of human kind from the very beginning stages of creation. the holy books of torah, bible and quran have each paid to different angles of this legend. studying the modern poetry, it can be found that the contemporary poets have been under the influence of quran and have used the teachings of old and new te...