A (semi-)closed greenhouse is a novel greenhouse with an active cooling system and temporary heat storage in an aquifer. Air is cooled, heated and dehumidified by air treatment units. Climate in (semi-)closed greenhouses differs from that of conventional open greenhouses. The aims of our research were first, to analyze the effect of active cooling on greenhouse climate, in terms of stability, g...

A high quality greenhouse control demands continuous measurements of indoor and outdoor greenhouse conditions. In this work, neural network models were used for reducing the cost and the time of temperature measurements, estimating two of the most important parameters in the operation of the greenhouse, namely the inside air temperature and the cover temperature of greenhouse. An extensive expe...

Traditional water-saving irrigation management turns on water pump in a settled interval decided by grower’s experience. The method just saves water on the back of losing yield. In order to result the problem, a kind of greenhouse efficient irrigation management system based on Evapotranspiration has been developed. The system includes greenhouse environmental monitoring subsystem, irrigation a...

Continuous advancements in wireless technology and miniaturization have made the deployment of sensor networks to monitor various aspects of the environment increasingly flexible. The function of a greenhouse is to create the optimal growing conditions for the full life of the plants. Using autonomous measuring systems helps to monitor all the necessary parameters for creating the optimal envir...

In this paper, an intelligent control of the greenhouse in the Greenhouse Management Framework (GMF) has been designed for the purpose of increasing the farmer’s profit and promoting the ease of agricultural production. The GMF is divided into Greenhouse Control Engine and Crop Growth Engine. The Greenhouse Control Engine consists of Data Aggregator, Greenhouse Information Storage, and Greenhou...

In literary histories written in both Iran and the West it has generally be assumed that early modern Persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of Western literary works. This has been and is still a claim. Almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. While there is no point in denying a European influence on early modern Persian literature,...

Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco plants. Most greenhouse systems still use the manual system in monitoring the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, a lot of problems can occur not for worker but also affected production rate because the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse must be constantly monitored to ensure optimal conditions. The ...

This paper constructs a model in which the currency composition of national portfolios is an essential element in facilitating capital ‡ows between countries. In a two country environment, each country chooses optimal nominal bond portfolios in face of real and nominal risk. Current account de…cits are …nanced by increases in domestic currency debt, but balanced by increases in foreign currency...

Microwave power transmission (MPT) has had a long history before the more recent movement toward wireless power transmission (WPT). MPT can be applied not only to beam-type point-to-point WPT but also to an energy harvesting system fed from distributed or broadcasting radio waves. The key technology is the use of a rectenna, or rectifying antenna, to convert a microwave signal to a DC signal wi...

This paper proposes a new emotional model for Virtual Humans (VHs) in a conversational environment. As a part of a multi-users emotional 3D-chatting system, this paper focus on how to formulate and visualize the flow of emotional state defined by the Valence-ArousalDominance (VAD) parameters. From this flow of emotion over time, we successfully visualized the change of VHs’ emotional state thro...