Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine and the surrounding ecosystem; it adding pressure on available resources that should be optimized to suit needs. Yet with improper management of monitoring daily activities, environment will further negatively impacted. With overpopulation higher urbanization rates are noticed demand seeking better health facilities, ed...

Composite indices have been prominently used in poverty research. However, validity of these indices remains subject to debate. This paper examines the validity of a common type of composite poverty indices using data from a cross-sectional survey of 2477 households in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Multiple-group comparisons in structural equation modelling were employed for test...

A new measure for reliability of a rating scale is introduced, based on the classical definition of reliability, as the ratio of the true score variance and the total variance. Clinical trial data can be employed to estimate the reliability of the scale in use, whenever repeated measurements are taken. The reliability is estimated from the covariance parameters obtained from a linear mixed mode...

Increasing pressures caused by negative consequences of transportation and traffic problems in major cities, have resulted many attempts towards improvement of planning and management of transportation systems, according to sustainability objectives. In this paper, a comprehensive model is developed using a system dynamics approach to evaluate sustainable urban transportation. This model includ...

Risk-based assessment in pipe conditions mainly focuses on prioritizing the most critical assets by evaluating risk of failure. This paper's goal is to classify a comprehensive rating model which obtained based series pipe, external, and hydraulic characteristics that are identified for proposed methodology. The traditional manual method assessing sewage structural takes long time. By building ...

Many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. The full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (V) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. The size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. This research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. This vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

Abstract. Urban aerosol measurements are necessary to establish associations between air pollution and human health outcomes evaluate the efficacy of quality legislation emissions standards. The measurement urban particle size distributions (PSDs) is particular importance as they enable characterization size-dependent processes that govern a particle's transport, transformation, fate in atmosph...