−A 300MHz CMOS seventh−order linear phase gm−C filter based on a current−mode multiple loop feedback (MLF) leap−frog (LF) structure is realized. The filter is implemented using a fully−differential linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on a source degeneration topology. PSpice simulations using a standard TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process with 2.5V power supply have shown that the cu...

• Malolactic fermentation (MLF), performed by the bacteria Oenococcus oeni, can become sluggish due to the presence of several factors: 1) low pH, 2) high ethanol, 3) inadequate temperature, 4) inadequate nutrients and/or, 5) competition from the wine yeast Saccharomyces. Originally, researchers believed that the mechanism behind Saccharomyces interference with Oenococcus was the removal by the...

Lactic acid bacteria comprise an ecologically diverse group of microorganisms united by formation of lactic acid as the primary metabolite of sugar metabolism (Davis et al., 1985b; 1988; Lonvaud-Funel, 1999; Carr et al., 2002; Liu, 2002). These bacteria utilize sugars by either homoor heterofermentative pathways (Section 2.4.1) as well as l-malic acid, a major acid present in grape must (Sectio...

The optimal ratio of L-malic and L-tartaric acid in relation to other wine components is one of the most important aspects that ultimately determine wine quality during winemaking. Winemakers routinely rely on the judicious use of malolactic fermentation (MLF) after alcoholic fermentation to deacidify and stabilise their wines. However, due to the unreliability of the process and unsuitable sen...

Oenococcus oeni, the main lactic acid bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine, has to adapt to stressful conditions, such as low pH and high ethanol content. In this study, the changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of O. oeni PSU-1 during the adaptation period before MLF start have been studied. DNA microarrays were used for the transcriptomic analysis and two complemen...

A neutron filtering system has been designed and implemented in the Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction Measurement Instrument (ANNRI) beamline Materials Life Science (MLF) facility of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) to bypass effect double-bunch mode JPARC by molding incident flux into quasi-monoenergetic beams. Filter assemblies using Fe, Si Cr as filter materials were analyz...

BACKGROUND Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic has been one of the most widely used statistical methods for automatic detection of clusters in spatial data. One limitation of this method lies in the fact that it has to rely on scan windows with predefined shapes in the search process, and therefore it cannot detect cluster with arbitrary shapes. We employ a new neighbor-expanding approach and in...

Integrated amperometric biosensors for the determination of L-malic and L-lactic acids were developed by coimmobilization of the enzymes L-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and diaphorase (DP), or L-lactate oxidase (LOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively, together with the redox mediator tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), on a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified ...