One longstanding question is how early in the visual system attention exerts its influence. Here we show that an effect of attention can be measured at the earliest possible stage of visual information processing, as a change in the optics of the eye. We tested human subjects and found that covertly attending to bright surfaces results in an enhanced pupillary light reflex (PLR)-the pupillary c...

ABSORPTION AND RELEASE OF MITOMYCIN-C BY “SPONGOSTAN FILM”. LARROSA JMl, FERRER J2, PINILLA 11, POLO VI, SANCHEZ Al, BUENO J’, HONRUBIA FMl. 1 Department of Ophthalmology, “Miguel Set-vet” Hospital. Zaragoza,(Spain) 2 Department of Microbiology, Puroose: To determine the Mitomycin-C (MMC) 0,4 mg./ml. absorption of spumous specimens of “Spongostan Film” (“Sp”) and their liberation rate. Methods:...

Artery of Percheron infarction is a rare one the neurovascular structure variants acute ischemic stroke characterized by bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts (BTPI), with or without mesencephalic infarction. Due to low occurrence rate and various clinical manifestations, early diagnosis this disease often missed. In addition, it also difficult diagnose in an implementation phase because crani...

recently, small incision cataract extraction by phaco and implantation of a foldable intraocular lense with topical anesthesia has used in an attempt to decrease the complication of general anesthesia and peribulbar injection. to compare effects and complications of topical, local and general anesthesia, 92 patients admitted to imam hosein hospital for cataract surgery, were randomly assigned t...

Antidromic stimulation of the trigeminal nerve produces an irritative response in the rabbit eye characterized by ipsilateral miosis, hyperemia, elevated intraocular pressure, and a disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. The latter is a bilateral effect. The mediator or mediators involved in this response of the eye are unknown. Increased ATP levels in aqueous humor could be found after trige...

The effect on contralateral eyes after injuries to one eye has been called the consensual reaction and has been postulated to be either the consequence of a neural reflex or one achieved by circulating substances. Trigeminal stimulation always causes ipsilateral miosis, ocular hyperemia, intraocular hypertension, and a disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. Disruption of the blood-aqueous bar...

Horner’s syndrome, first described in 1869 by a Swiss ophthalmologist, is a characteristic triad of features that results from an interruption of the sympathetic pathway. The ophthalmic manifestations arise due to paralysis of the sympathetically innervated superior tarsal muscle (also known as Muller’s muscle, which dilates the pupil) and thus the patient will have a pupillary miosis associate...

Dear editor, Horner's syndrome (HS) results from interruption of sympathetic nervous supply to the eye and manifests clinically with partial ptosis, miosis and enophthalmos, along with anhidrosis of face on the affected side. [1] HS is not an uncommon finding in patients visiting emergency department (ED), being reported in those with brainstem strokes, myelitis, malignancies of lung and thyroi...

The predominant features of Harlequin syndrome are unilateral facial flushing and sweating. Harlequin syndrome has been reported in different clinical conditions including brain stem infarction, superior mediastinal neurinoma, and internal jugular vein catheterization.1,2 Idiopathic and iatrogenic cases have been reported. The clinical features of Horner syndrome are ptosis, miosis, enophthalmo...