The objective of this work was to determine on-farm risk factors for psychrotrophic bacterial counts in bulk tank milk from dairy farms in Argentina. Raw milk samples from bulk tanks of 27 dairy farms were examined for total psychrotrophic counts (TPC), proteolytic psychrotrophic counts (PPC) and lipolytic psychrotrophic counts (LPC) (dependent or outcome variables). A survey recording infrastr...

In the year 2006 about 4000 farms worldwide used over 6000 milking robots. With increased automation the time that the cattle keeper uses for monitoring animals has decreased. This has created a need for automatic health monitoring systems. Lameness is a crucial welfare and economic issue in modern dairy husbandry. It causes problems especially in loose housing of cattle. This could be greatly ...

(Co)variance components were estimated for final score and 14 or 15 linear type traits for the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn breeds. Appraisals from 1995 or later were used. New estimates were calculated to accommodate changes in scoring of traits and because of a change from multiplicative to additive adjustment for age and lactation stage. The adjustment metho...

The results herein presented furnish exact critical evidence for the conclusion that the most of the milk is present as such in the udder of dairy cattle at the time of milking. The amount of milk which may be secreted during milking cannot, on the basis of these results, be over 20 per cent of the milk yield of the cow. The results show clearly that the size of the udder measures closely the a...

Working with livestock is a hazardous activity, and animals have been found to be the most frequent injury source on dairy farms. Understanding the risk factors for injury and the causal relationships related to injuries and animal handling is important for developing prevention strategies and effective safety interventions. This study examined stress and handler attitude as possible risk facto...

The optimal milking cluster should milk as gently possible to minimize the mechanical effect on teat tissue at an performance and quality. objective of this study was investigate influence liner shape (round vs. triangular) type ventilation (claw mouthpiece chamber; MPC) vacuum end in MPC. Our hypothesis that affect MPC vacuum. Six Holstein Friesian cows were milked twice daily over 12 d with a...

Introduction In Ireland, cows are generally milked with milking machines with 3.2kg clusters, with wide-bore tapered liners (31.6mm – 20.6mm) and 4x0 pulsation (WB). Outside of Ireland, most milking machines have 1.65kg clusters, narrow-bore liners (25.0mm – 20.0mm) and 2x2 pulsation (NB). O’Callaghan (2001) showed that the mouthpiece cavity vacuum was higher with wide-bore tapered liners than ...

The article highlights the relevance of udder hygiene, sources milk contamination with microflora, treatment requirements, sanitary condition control teats skin cow udders, as well a list products authorized in Ukraine.
 Proper preparation for milking, namely: special detergents and disinfectants, compliance correct milking procedure significantly reduce risk cows mastitis increase yield. ...