Stroke is the third leading cause of death and a leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States [1]. Stroke is also preventable through the management of modifiable stroke risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, and carotid stenosis [2–5]. Migraine headaches represent a less well-documented potential stroke risk factor [6], and it is unclear how much this risk varies am...

Chronic migraine is a disabling condition which affects a considerable proportion of patients. Several risk factors and lifestyle habits contribute to the transformation of migraine into a chronic form. Behavioral treatments, including relaxation, biofeedback, and cognitive behavioral therapy reduce the risk of episodic into chronic migraine transformation, thus restraining the headache-related...

BACKGROUND This study identifies a set of psychosocial difficulties that are associated with short term changes in health outcomes across a heterogeneous set of brain disorders, neurological and psychiatric. METHODS Longitudinal observational study over approximately 12 weeks with three time points of assessment and 741 patients with bipolar disorders, depression, migraine, multiple sclerosis...

This manuscript discusses sex-related differences in headache prevalence, the symptoms and natural history of migraine, associated disability, and co-morbid disorders. The role of sex hormones is discussed with reference to the effects of hormonal events across the reproductive years and the specific effects of the menstrual cycle on migraine. Differences between the sexes were identified acros...

We conducted a postal survey to assess the prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain and migraine in a cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Of the 1300 questionnaires sent, 673 could be used for statistical analysis. Among the respondents, the overall pain prevalence in the previous month was 79%, with 51% experiencing pain with neuropathic characteristics (NCs) and 46% migraine...

As a group, headache disorders are painful and disabling, impacting the lives of people with headache across multiple domains and reducing their ability to be productive and satisfied members of society. The majority of work examining psychological approaches to headache has occurred within the two most prevalent primary headache disorders: migraine and tension-type headache. Recent epidemiolog...

Migraine is a disorder that afflicts nearly one tenth of the population. Involving both nervous and vascular system, it has been found as a prominent factor of disability. The migraine attacks may be initiated in the brainstem or may begin peripherally in the meninges while the role of cortical activation preceding an attack is also debated. Although available treatments, more studies on migrai...

Migraine is a primary episodic headache disorder that represents a substantial burden and disability worldwide. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and remains hitherto poorly elucidated. An interesting but less-well-known association is that between migraine and gastrointestinal disorders. We have reviewed the literature for relevant papers reporting on the clinical association between migraine...

Migraine is a primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe headaches and impairment of autonomic nervous system function. This neurovascular disorder ranks as the eighth cause of disability in the world. Migraine is basically an inflammation problem caused by activation of the trigeminal neurovascular complex. Neuropeptides like serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and...

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that is characterized by unilateral, pulsatile headaches. Migraine due to its individual and social effects is known as a major cause of disability in the world. The main complication of this disease is chronification that is known as chronic migraine (CM). It seems that several factors contribute to migraine chronification such as age, female gender, obesit...