The rapid Arab-Islamic conquest during the early Middle Ages led to major political and cultural changes in the Mediterranean world. Although the early medieval Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula is now well documented, based in the evaluation of archeological and historical sources, the Muslim expansion in the area north of the Pyrenees has only been documented so far through textual sou...

1Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3Department of Management, University of Tehran, Iran 4Department of Environmental Science, Faculty...

The purpose of this study is to calculate and examine the Islamic banks operating efficiency in Pakistan. It consists of 04(four) full-fledged Islamic Banks of Pakistan. The results of Liquidity & Profitability ratios and stochastic frontier approach using data of 2004 to 2011 showed positive patterns with respect to ROE, ROA and NPR. According to the achieved results, Meezan Islamic Bank can b...

Marwan Saad Azzubaidi *, Anil Kumar Saxena , Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi 3 and Abualrahman Mohammed Abdualkader 4 1 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia. 2 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia. 3 Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine,...

Th e Middle East’s democracy deficit is a product of the patterns of political and economic development in the region. It is not because the region is predominantly Islamic or is somehow afflicted by purportedly undemocratic cultures. By itself, culture is not an impediment to transition to democracy as it is subject to influences from the larger polity, especially insofar as the economy and th...