This paper compares the mixed-data sampling (MIDAS) and mixed-frequency VAR (MFVAR) approaches to model speci…cation in the presence of mixed-frequency data, e.g., monthly and quarterly series. MIDAS leads to parsimonious models based on exponential lag polynomials for the coe¢ cients, whereas MF-VAR does not restrict the dynamics and therefore can su¤er from the curse of dimensionality. But if...

To evaluate whether K depletion enhances in vivo bicarbonate reabsorption ([Formula: see text]in surviving distal tubules (DT), we compared DT[Formula: see text]in five-sixths nephrectomized rats (Nx) with and without dietary K depletion (Nx-K). Furthermore, to identify possible mechanisms of increased[Formula: see text], we perfused inhibitors of proton secretion in both Nx and Nx-K rats.[Form...

We have previously shown that an association of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide, initiated 1 mo after 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), reversed hypertension and albuminuria and promoted lasting renoprotection. In this new study, we investigated whether equal or even better protection could be obtained by combining losartan and furosemide. Nx was performed in 58 Munich-Wistar rats. One month later, tail-c...

BACKGROUND/AIM Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and the prevention of its progression is still a major challenge in nephrology. Specific therapies that inhibit or attenuate this process are neither available nor satisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine has been increasingly recognized as an effective therapeutic approach in several fields of medicine. The aim of thi...

We write ρX = βX + iγX for a typical zero of FX(s). The number of these up to height T we denote by NX(T ), and the number of these with βX ≥ σ by NX(σ, T ). We follow the convention that if T is the ordinate of a zero, then NX(T ), say, is defined as limǫ→0+ NX(T + ǫ). There are two natural ways to pose questions about NX(T ), NX(σ, T ), and the distribution of the zeros generally. We can fix ...

Graph transformation systems (GTS) are a widely used technique for the formal modeling of structures and structure changes of systems. To verify properties of GTS, model checking techniques have been developed, and to cope with the inherent infinity arising in GTS state spaces, abstraction techniques are employed. In this paper, we introduce a novel representation for abstract graphs (which are...

BACKGROUND An earlier small-scale study of children with autism revealed that 8.1% of such patients were co-morbid for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). The present study is a large scale test of whether this result replicates. METHOD Four hundred and forty-seven pupils from nine schools for children and adolescents with autism were screened for the presence of motor and vocal tics. RES...

Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) [1] has become a general-purpose rule-based programming language throughout the last decade. The relations to many other formalisms have been investigated [2] and often results could be transferred from CHR to other formalisms, or vice versa. Graph Transformation Systems (GTS) [3], which have been developed in the 60ies and have become increasingly popular, have ...

The polychromatic and trophically polymorphic Midas cichlid fish species complex (Amphilophus cf. citrinellus) is an excellent model system for studying the mechanisms of speciation and patterns of phenotypic diversification in allopatry and in sympatry. Here, we first review research to date on the species complex and the geological history of its habitat. We analyse body shape variation from ...

The role of the basal ganglia in conditions with co-occurring movement disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms is not well known. It has been hypothesized that hyperkinesia -disinhibited behaviors and hypokinesia-inhibited behaviors result from an imbalance between the direct and indirect striatal output pathways, and that differential involvement of these pathways could account for the concurr...