Micromanipulation of living grasshopper spermatocytes in anaphase has been combined with electron microscopy to reveal otherwise obscure features of spindle organization. A chromosome is pushed laterally outside the spindle and stretched, and the cell is fixed with a novel, agar-treated glutaraldehyde solution. Two- and three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections of seven cells show ...

A number of agents reducing interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) activity are being developed as novel immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapies. However, the elucidation of their molecular mechanism of action is required in the context of medical management of inflammatory diseases. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising anticancer agents with pleiotropic activities. Of these,...

A number of agents reducing interleukin-1 (IL-1 ) activity are being developed as novel immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapies. However, the elucidation of their molecular mechanism of action is required in the context of medical management of inflammatory diseases. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising anticancer agents with pleiotropic activities. Of these, subero...

Abstract Super-resolution optical imaging is crucial to the study of cellular processes. Current super-resolution fluorescence microscopy restricted by need special fluorophores or sophisticated systems, long acquisition and computational times. In this work, we present a deep-learning-based technique confocal microscopy. We devise two-channel attention network (TCAN), which takes advantage bot...

Neuronal migration and axon growth guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component neuronal microtubules expressed throughout life central peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic missense variants result in altered function cause errors either cranial and, to lesser extent, axo...

Microtubules originate at the centrosome of the neuron and are then released for transport down the axon, in which they can move both anterogradely and retrogradely during axonal growth. It has been hypothesized that these movements occur by force generation against the actin cytoskeleton. To test this, we analyzed the movement, distribution, and orientation of microtubules in neurons pharmacol...

Tubulin vinca-domain ligands can inhibit microtubule polymerization, causing cell death in mitosis, and their potential against multiple cancer types has been demonstrated. However, due to drug resistance toxicities, development of novel is still needed. In this study, we determined the high-resolution crystal structures vinorelbine, YXD, Phomopsin A complex with tubulin at 2.5 Å. Additionally,...

Background: Tau protein is believed to be stationary while bound to microtubules. Results: Tau molecules can diffuse along microtubules over distances up to several micrometers. Conclusion: Tau diffusion on microtubules is a novel mechanism for tau dispersion in cells. Significance: Modulation of tau binding and diffusion on microtubules by local modifications of microtubules can provide a tool...

There is controversy concerning the source of new microtubules required for the development of neuronal axons. We have proposed that microtubules are released from the centrosome within the cell body of the neuron and are then translocated into the axon to support its growth. To investigate this possibility, we have developed an experimental regime that permits us to determine the fate of a sma...

The study of microtubules by biologists is a very time consuming task. To support the research on microtubules, this paper proposes an automatic analysis algorithm of the microtubules in (EB1) fluorescence images. The proposed algorithm consist of two parts. The first part is a segmentation technique based on mathematical morphology which extracts the microtubules out of a 2D image. After the e...