Some workers have held that mid-ocean ridge basalts are fractionated from high pressure (15-30 kbar) picritic primary magmas whereas others have favored primary magmas generated at about 10 kbar with compositions close to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Of critical significance are presumed differences in composition between experimentally determined primary magmas and the least fractionated ...

Radiative Auger spectra are weak X-ray emission spectra near the characteristic X-ray lines. Radiative Auger process is an intrinsic energy-loss process in an atom when a characteristic X-ray photon is emitted, due to an atomic many-body effect. The energy loss spectra correspond to the unoccupied conduction band structure of materials. Therefore the radiative Auger effect is an alternative too...

Five granitic rocks, concentrically disposed from core to rim, were distinguished in the Castelo Branco pluton. U-Pb-Th electron microprobe monazite ages from granitic rocks are similar and ranging between 297-303 Ma. The granitic rocks from Castelo Branco pluton are 310 ± 1 Ma old, obtained by U-Pb (ID-TIMS) in separated zircon and monazite crystals, indicating a similar emplacement age for al...

Several of the fourteen rare-earth element (plus Sc and Y) orthophosphate standards grown at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 1980s and widely distributed by the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Mineral Sciences, are significantly contaminated by Pb. The origin of this impurity is the Pb2P2O7 flux that is derived from the thermal decomposition of PbHPO4. The lead pyrophosphate flux i...

The Vickers hardness of the cross-sectioned area of titanium castings made from an experimental resin-bonded calcia investment and three commercial investments was evaluated. The microstructure and element distribution of the surface zone were analyzed using an EPMA. The results showed that the high hardness of the casting surface could be decreased using the experimental investment. The hardne...

A novel two dimensional imaging technique of the chemical bonding state was developed by combining the extended X-ray emission fine structure method with an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer mapping technology. With this method, chemical state images of some aluminum standard samples were obtained. It was confirmed that the obtained images provide correct information of chemical states.