Dissolved phosphorus (P) in runoff from surface-applied fertilizers can be relatively great, but commonly used, field or watershed-scale computer models often do not simulate direct transfer of fertilizer P to runoff. Using data from our own simulated rainfall experiments and published runoff studies, we developed a simplemodel to predict fertilizer P release during rain and the concentration o...

Nitrogen (N) export from soils to streams and groundwater under the intensifying cropping schemes of the Pampas is modest compared to intensively cultivated basins of Europe and North America; however, a slow N enrichment of water resources has been suggested. We (1) analyzed the fate of fertilizer N and (2) evaluated the contribution of fertilizer and soil organic matter (SOM) to N leaching un...

A 3-year study was conducted in cornfield to evaluate how composted cattle manure application affects net global warming potential (GWP; the sum of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) minus net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI; net GWP per unit of plant biomass yield). In the first experiment, conducted from 2010 to 2012, five fertilization strategies that i...

Current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different seed priming and foliar spray micronutrients on bread wheat performance in semi-arid region Northwest Iran. Pre-sowing treatments were S1: no pre-sowing treatment (intact seeds), S2: hydro-priming, S3: bio-priming (seed inoculation with plant promoting rhizobacteria consortium: Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum), S4...

BACKGROUND Multiple micronutrient supplements could increase hemoglobin and improve micronutrient status of pregnant women more than iron supplements alone or iron with folic acid. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of multiple micronutrients with those of iron supplements alone or iron with folic acid, on hemoglobin and micronutrient status of pregnant women. METHODS Studies were identified ...

Adequacy or deficiency in the micronutrient status of an individual deeply affects its immunocompetence. Among the different micronutrients, antioxidative vitamins and f3-carotene are particularly effective in modulating immune functions and host defense against microorganisms or other invasive processes. This involves antigen-specific humoral or cellmediated reactions ofthe immune system as we...

The title of this symposium, ‘Can nutrition intervention make a difference?’ raises the question of ‘make a difference to what?’, and raises the issue of how this difference can be measured and attributed to the intervention. The present paper focuses on the micronutrient interventions in which the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has been providing assistance for many years. It describe...

Physicians are frequently confronted with patients complaining of fatigue, tiredness and low energy levels. In the absence of underlying disease, these symptoms could be caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals. Certain risk groups like the elderly and pregnant women are well-recognized. Our aim was, therefore, to find out if other, less well-established groups might also be at risk. Thus, the...

It is necessary to develop a resilient food supply that will withstand unexpected future shocks and deliver the required amounts of nutrients consumers. By increasing sustainability agriculture, system be able handle challenges such as climate change, declining agricultural resources, growing population/urbanization, pandemics, recessions/shortages. Micronutrient deficiency, otherwise called hi...

MARKETING BOARDS, FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES, PRICES, & SMALLHOLDER BEHAVIOR: MODELING & POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR ZAMBIA By Nicole Marie Mason Grain marketing boards (GMBs), strategic grain reserves (SGRs), and fertilizer subsidies have experienced a renaissance in eastern and southern Africa over the last decade. Relatively little is known about how the re-emergence of GMBs/SGRs as major players in m...