portion of UIP and the amino acid spectrum of the UIP. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to measure or predict the relative amounts of MP (metabolizable protein) from microbes and UIP in any given feeding scenario. Both the production potential of the beef animal and microbial protein synthesis are driven by energy. It is impossible to predict MP supplied to the lower gut and MP needs of th...

Microbial toxins are important factors that contribute to human diseases and food losses. Predicting the production of these before they occur is a significant challenge. In this study, we innovatively developed strategy called targeted acquisition toxin-related immunogen (TATRI) identify early diagnostic biomarkers for microbial toxins. Taking Aspergillus flavus as an example, employed immunoa...

With the increasing demand for blood transfusions, production of human hemoglobin (Hb) from sustainable sources is increasingly studied. Microbial an attractive option, as it may provide a cheap, safe, and reliable source this protein. To increase by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, degradation Hb was reduced through several approaches. The deletion genes HMX1 (encoding heme oxygenase), VPS10 re...

The direct "metagenomic" sequencing of genomic material from complex assemblages of bacteria, archaea, viruses and microeukaryotes has yielded new insights into the structure of microbial communities. For example, analysis of metagenomic data has revealed the existence of previously unknown microbial taxa whose spatial distributions are limited by environmental conditions, ecological competitio...

Two studies from Jarosz et al. describe how [GAR(+)], a protein-based epigenetic determinant found mainly in wild yeast strains, can be activated by microbial cross-kingdom communication. With the aid of genetically and ecologically diverse bacteria, yeast can override an ancient regulatory mechanism of glucose repression, promoting both microbial diversity and lifespan extension.

Drilling and handling of permanently frozen soil cores without microbial contamination is of concern because contamination e.g. from the active layer above may lead to incorrect interpretation of results in experiments investigating potential and actual microbial activity in these low microbial biomass environments. Here, we present an example of how microbial contamination from active layer so...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different levels of starter protein and amounts of milk fed on animal health, fecal score, immune responses and microbial population in the rumen of Holstein male calves. Two levels of starter crude protein (17 and 20% of starter dry matter (DM) and two levels of milk fed (7 and 10% of body weight) were combined in a 2 × 2 factorial exp...

Soil N availability is constrained by the breakdown of N-containing polymers such as proteins to oligopeptides and amino acids that can be taken up by plants and microorganisms. Excess N is released from microbial cells as ammonium (N mineralization), which in turn can serve as substrate for nitrification. According to stoichiometric theory, N mineralization and nitrification are expected to in...