Milk protein concentrates (MPC) are widespread food ingredients, due to their high protein-to-solids ratio, nutritional value, and technological properties, which can be tailored various end uses. Interest has been given modifying such ingredients through enzymatic cross-linking by microbial transglutaminase. However, no systematic studies on the kinetics of casein micelles at different concent...

A bioenergetic model has been developed to examine growth kinetics associated with bacterial utilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM), NH4+, and N03-. A set of 11 metabolic reactions are used to govern the incorporation, oxidation, and N remineralization of DOM and dissolved inorganic N associated with bacterial growth. For each reaction, free energies and electron transfer requirements ar...