The anisotropy of wood within the radial-tangential (RT) growth plane has a major influence on the cracking behavior perpendicular to grain. Within the scope of this work, a two-dimensional discrete element model is developed, consisting of beam elements for the representation of the micro structure of wood. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to follow the time evolution of the model system ...

In the present studies we developed lentivirus vectors with regulated, consistent transgene expression in B lymphocytes by incorporating the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (E micro ) with and without associated matrix attachment regions (E micro MAR) into lentivirus vectors. Incorporation of these fragments upstream of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) or cytomegalovirus promoters resulted in ...

because of its kinetic nature and computational advantages, the lattice boltzmann method (lbm) has been well accepted as a useful tool to simulate micro-scale flows. the slip boundary model plays a crucial role in the accuracy of solutions for micro-channel flow simulations. the most used slip boundary condition is the maxwell slip model. the results of maxwell slip model are affected by the ac...

Difficulties associated with testing and characterization of materials at microscale demands for new technologies and devices that are capable of measuring forces and strains at microscale. To address this issue, a novel electroactive-based micro-electro-mechanical machine is designed. The micromachine is comprised of two electroactive (piezoelectric) micro-elements mounted on a rigid frame. El...

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an emerging technique for the nondestructive assessment and analysis of the three-dimensional trabecular bone structure. Trabecular bone consists of a complicated three-dimensional network of plates and rods, arranged in a lattice-like network [1]. Aging, disease process, and therapeutic agents could influence the number of elements in this network, their...

Fluorine (F) and strontium (Sr) are key elements in the de- and remineralization of teeth. To quantitatively analyze the distribution of F and Sr, micro-particle-induced gamma/X-ray emission (PIGE/PIXE) technique was used. The cavities were prepared and filled with the fluoride- and Sr-containing restorative materials (FSCMs) in extracted human molars. The single-section enamel specimens were p...

Since most available micro x-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometers operate in air, which does not allow the analysis of low-Z elements (Z or = 6). It offers improved excitation and detection conditions necessary for light element analysis. To eliminate absorption of the ...

Objective: In this study investigated effects of different amounts of pelleted manure with urea and micro elements on yield and seed quality of medicinal plants, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca). Methods: The animal manure and urea as pellet with four levels (150 Kg urea, 50 Kg urea + 3.5 ton animal manure, 100 (Kg) urea+ 1.5 ton animal manure and 150 (Kg) urea+1.5 ton animal man...

Micro- and nanocantilevers are employed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) as sensing elements. They enable nanomechanical measurements, are essential for the characterization of nanomaterials, and form an integral part of many nanoscale devices. Despite the fact that numerous methods described in the literature can be applied to det...

− Nutrient acquisition by plants occurs in an environment characterized by complex interactions between roots, micro-organisms and animals, termed the rhizosphere. Competition for mineral elements in this sphere is high. The rhizosphere processes are driven by photosynthetically fixed carbon released by roots either directly to mycorrhizal fungal symbionts or as exudates fuelling a wider spectr...