This study was designed to determine whether whole cells or crude enzyme extracts are more effective for preparative-scale ketone reductions by dehydrogenases as well as learning which cofactor regeneration scheme is most effective. Based on results from three representative ketone substrates (an α-fluoro-β-keto ester, a bis-trifluoromethylated acetophenone, and a symmetrical β-diketone), our r...

1. The effects of starvation and diabetes on brain fuel metabolism were examined by measuring arteriovenous differences for glucose, lactate, acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate across the brains of anaesthetized fed, starved and diabetic rats. 2. In fed animals glucose represented the sole oxidative fuel of the brain. 3. After 48h of starvation, ketone-body concentrations were about 2mm and ket...

Depleting oil reserves and growing environmental concerns have necessitated the development of sustainable processes to fuels and chemicals. Here we have developed a general metabolic platform in E. coli to biosynthesize carboxylic acids. By engineering selectivity of 2-ketoacid decarboxylases and screening for promiscuous aldehyde dehydrogenases, synthetic pathways were constructed to produce ...

Topical corticosteroids are effective in reducing anterior segment inflammation but are associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract formation. Retrometabolic drug design has advanced the development of new corticosteroids with improved therapeutic indices. Engineered from prednisolone, loteprednol etabonate (LE) has a 17α-chlorome...

UDP-glucose dehydrogenase catalyzes the NAD+-dependent 2-fold oxidation of UDP-glucose to give UDP-glucuronic acid. The putative aldehyde intermediate is not released from the active site and is presumably tightly bound. We have prepared UDP-7-deoxy-R-D-gluco-hept-6-ulopyranose, 5, that contains a methyl ketone at C-6 and cannot be further oxidized by the enzyme. Ketone 5 was found to be a comp...

The aromatic compounds of Artemisia annua were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatile flavor compounds from Artemisia annua was performed at pressure 150bar and temperature 40oC. The flow rate of CO2 was 20 g/min and the flow rate of ethanol as an entrainer was 5% of CO2 used. The extraction time was 1 h. The trapped sample by cold trap 1 ...

In the crystal structure of the title ketoamine, C(19)H(29)NO, the bond lengths from the N atom through the alkene group to the ketone O atom show the presence of an extensively delocalized π-system. The dihedral angle between the plane of the phenyl ring and that of the alkene component is 63.45 (7)° due to steric hindrance exerted by the tert-butyl groups. The mol-ecule has a Z-configured alk...