We examine the determinants of MFIs’ social rating decisions according to institutional and resource dependency pressure factors. exploit a unique data set containing 221 MFIs resulting in 767-year observations, obtained from both mixed market agencies (Planet, MicroFinanza, Microrate agencies). Our was collected for rated non-rated between years 2006 2018, six major less-developed regions worl...

Abstract Non-volatile memories based on ferroelectric hafnium oxide, especially the field-effect transistor (FeFET), have outstanding properties, e.g. for application in neuromorphic circuits. However, material development has focused so far mainly metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) capacitors, while FeFETs are metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) capacitors. Here, influence of inter...

BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common complaint in multiple sclerosis (MS) and often interferes with daily functioning. Both clinicians and researchers may need to detect high levels of fatigue impact using a time and effort efficient tool. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of a rapid screening instrument for fatigue impact in multiple sclerosis. METHODS Three visual analogue scales (...

BACKGROUND The current civilian Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), designed for automobile crash injuries, yields important information about civilian injuries. It has been recognized for some time, however, that both the AIS and AIS-based scores such as the Injury Severity Score (ISS) are inadequate for describing penetrating injuries, especially those sustained in combat. Existing injury coding ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Microfinance is a vital source of funding for micro-entrepreneurs in emerging markets and underdeveloped nations. The emphasis in the literature on social sanctions as a mechanism for ensuring high repayment rates may be misplaced. We propose that the construct of harmonious social relations needs to be added in order to explain repayment rates and that high repayment rate...

Purpose: The current study sought to establish the effect of portfolio diversification on financial performance microfinance institutions in Kenya. focused establishing effects asset class diversification, risk profiling income and locational was supported by Shiftability Theory, Capital Market Resource Based Theory Balanced Score Card Theory. 
 Methodology: A descriptive research design u...

a r t i c l e i n f o Dynamic incentives, where incentives to repay are generated by granting access to future loans, are one of the methodologies used by microfinance institutions (MFIs). In this paper, I present a model of dynamic incentives where lenders are uncertain over how much borrowers value future loans. Loan terms are determined endoge-nously, and loans become more favorable as the p...

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play an important role in providing access to finance developing countries. However, how effectively regulate MFIs remains one of the challenges that needs attention. The need for legal and financial innovation enable continue provide much-needed service society is apparent. One proposals use regulatory frameworks are closely related or similar those we banks. E...