Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) have been implicated in the increase of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and insulin resistance (IR) observed in skeletal muscle. Previously, we have shown that palmitate-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production,...

It is well known that Phellinus linteus, which produces hispidin and its derivatives, possesses antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated whether hispidin has protective effects on palmitate-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Our results showed that palmitate treatment in C2C12 myotubes increased ROS generation and cell death as compared with the control. Howe...

In three-year experiments, we studied the effect of air temperature during grain ripening on content palmitic acid glycerides in oils corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) inbred lines common type as well - carriers <i>sh1</i> and <i>wx</i> mutations endosperm structure. The material for research was presented by 10 unrelated each type, which were grown Steppe zone Ukrai...

Normal myocardium can derive energy for contraction and relaxation from oxidative metabolism of a variety of substrates. This investigation examined the influence of substrate availability early during reperfusion on the substrate pattern of oxidative metabolism and recovery of contractile function. For this purpose, isovolumically beating isolated rat hearts, perfused retrogradely with erythro...

The effects of glucose and lactate infusion on palmitate oxidation were compared with the effect of 2-tetradecylg]ycidic acid (TDGA), an irreversible inhibitor of the carnitine acyltransferase I, in nonmoxic canine myocardium. The initial capillary transit retention fraction of [l-"C]palmitate and its fractional distribution between oxidation and esterification in myocardium were measured by th...

Although fatty acids enhance preadipocyte differentiation in the presence of adequate hormone cocktails, little is known regarding their effects in the absence of these hormones. We have now shown that palmitate, a common long-chain saturated fatty acid, induced apoptosis in both mouse 3T3-L1 and rat primary preadipocytes grown in a normal serum-containing medium. Treatment of preadipocytes wit...

Thin adipose tissue slices prepared from middle subcutaneous (MSQ) adipose tissue of pigs weighing 57, 94 or 124 kg were incubated in vitro for 30 rain in the absence of exogenous insulin with one of several substrate combinations: .75 mM [1-14C] palmitate and 10 mM glucose; 10 mM [U-14C] glucose and .75 mM palmitate, or 10 mM [U-laC]glucose in the absence of palmitate. Esterification of palmit...

Thujone is thought to be the main constituent of medicinal herbs that have antidiabetic properties. Therefore, we examined whether thujone ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Soleus muscles were incubated for < or =12 h without or with palmitate (2 mM). Thujone (0.01 mg/ml), in the presence of palmitate, was provided in the last 6 h of incubation. Palmitate oxid...

Activation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by saturated palmitic acids contributes to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Beta-catenin (b-catenin) is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in survival/anti-apoptosis. However, its role in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) has been shown to exhibit potential cardiop...

Ceramide accumulation has been implicated in the impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle following saturated fatty acid (FA) exposure. Importantly, a single bout of exercise can protect against acute lipid-induced insulin resistance. The mechanism by which exercise protects against lipid-induced insulin resistance is not completely known but may occur through a red...