in this study, chemical composition and functional properties of red bean, chickpea, lentil and canellini bean were evaluated. our results revealed that chickpea had the highest protein (43.4%) and fat (5.17%) content and lentil, red bean and canellini bean were the following ones. the isoelectric point of all the samples were determined as about ph=4 but other than lentil, the remaining sample...

By definition, web-services composition works on developing merely optimum coordination among a number of available web-services to provide a new composed web-service intended to satisfy some users requirements for which a single web service is not (good) enough. In this article, the formulation of the automatic web-services composition is proposed as several set-cover problems and an approxima...

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BACKGROUND All life, including cells and artificial protocells, must integrate diverse molecules into a single unit in order to reproduce. Despite expected pressure to evolve a simple system with the fastest replication speed, the mechanism by which the use of a great variety of components, and the coexistence of diverse cell-types with different compositions are achieved is as yet unknown. R...

We propose a methodology for reorganization and representation of factual knowledge. In this methodology, we extract a set of relations that is essential to build knowledge from information primitives. The representation called ontological network may contain diierent models of the world. Each model is built from simpler building blocks at various levels of aggregations and abstractions, where ...

Pharmaceutical and biotech research often involves discovering new properties of, or new methods to use, existing compositions. The doctrine of inherent anticipation, however, prevents the issuance and/or validity of a patent for discoveries deemed to have been implicitly disclosed in the prior art. This can be a barrier to patent rights in these technologies. Inherent anticipation therefore cr...

In developing liposomes for in vivo use, it is important to design the liposomes to have optimal in vivo kinetics, and it is also necessary to identify optimal high-throughput production conditions for these liposomes. Previous work has not definitively established the general relationship between liposomes' configuration and composition, and their in vivo kinetics. Also, no straightforward met...

The ability to induce reversible phase transitions between homogeneous solutions and biphasic liquid-liquid systems, at pre-defined and suitable operating temperatures, is of crucial relevance in the design of separation processes. Ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based ABS) have demonstrated superior performance as alternative extraction platforms, and their thermoreversible beh...

A classical result by Guibas and Odlyzko obtained in 1981 gives the generating function for the number of strings that avoid a given set of substrings with the property that no substring is contained in any of the others. In this paper, we give an analogue of this result for the enumeration of compositions that avoid a given set of prohibited substrings, subject to the compositions’ length and ...