introduction the use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (pdd) curves. these changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3d) can be measured by gel dosimeters. materials and methods dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). the energies were 4, 9, and 16 mev and phantom w...

in this paper, carbon nanotubes (cnts) were added into chitosan (cs) hydrogels in the form of chitosan modified cnts (cs-cnts) composites to prepare carbon nanotubes hydrogels (cnts-gel). the products, named cs-mwcnts, were characterized by scanning electron microscope (sem) and fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy. swelling properties and effect of ph on controlled release performanc...

Lallemantia royleana (Balangu) is a well known Iranian medicinal plant that its seed mucilage has many applications in modern pharmacology. Plant mucilage traditionally was used as a gel supplement, and natural matrix for sustained release of drugs. But it seems that these compounds are not a simple additive and also have many undiscovered pharmacological properties. In this research, the anest...

background: the most frequently used spermicide nonoxynol-9 (n-9) in the clinic alters the vaginal flora, which will result in an increased risk of opportunistic infection. so development of a novel spermicidal and microbicidal drug appears to be inevitable. vaginal local immune is an important part of vaginal flora. secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), surfactant proteins d (sp-d), a...

background: an effective polymer gel dosimeter can be fabricated by varying the composition of its chemical components. materials and methods: the magat gel dosimeter formulations that used different compositions of methacrylic acid (maa) and gelatin were extensively investigated in the present study according to the r2–dose response and r2–dose sensitivity. the irradiation of magat gel was per...

Electrophoresis is the main metod for separating large polyelectrolyte molecules, primarily used on DNA, in biochemistry and medicine research. An overwiev of the models of physical mechanisms that are behind this phenomena will be presented. The prominent role is taken by reptation mechanisms, by which large ‡exible polyelectrolytes thread their way through the pores of the gel matrix. There a...