In order to minimize odor and manage nutrients in liquid pig manure we need to be able to predict what operational practices most influence the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N), and other nutrients present in the manure. To determine this, we collected manure from 15 pig operations in southwestern Ontario in the fall of 2001 and 2002 and spring of 20...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effect of various regimens for administration of antimicrobials in feed on growth rate and feed efficiency (feed/gain) of pigs in multisite production systems. DESIGN Controlled trial. ANIMALS 24,099 growing pigs in 3 multisite production systems. PROCEDURE 10 trials involving various regimens for administration of antimicrobials in feed were evaluated. Trial 1 compa...

BACKGROUND Repair is a conservative treatment of defective composite restoration. Sealing the repair interface is a critical factor to achieve successful repaired restorations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effect of three finishing times on the microleakage at the composite-repair interface. METHOD Eighty composite specimens (Z250) were made and aged for eight weeks in...

Questions have been raised regarding which of the three legs of a triathlon influences the final finishing position. Some coaches subjectively believe that the swim and run are more important than the cycle, especially since the introduction of drafting during the cycle. This study analysed race position shifts between each of the three disciplines to assess the importance of the swim finish po...

One of the newly developed methods for obtaining super finished surfaces for freeform is Magnetorheological finishing (MRF). MRF is an advanced finishing process in which the grinding force is controlled by magnetic field. The material removal in MRF is governed by the magnetorheological fluid which mainly consists of carbonyl iron (CI), abrasives particles, carrier fluids and additives. MRF pr...

Men outperform women in many athletic endeavors due to physiological and anatomical differences (e.g. larger and faster muscle); however, the observed sex differences in elite athletic performance are typically larger than expected, and may reflect sex-related differences in opportunity or incentives. As collegiate rowing in the United States has been largely incentivized for women over the las...

Fifty lambs were used in a comparative slaughter experiment to determine the effects of growth rates and compensatory growth on body composition. The study consisted of a growing and a finishing phase. During the growing phase, lambs (20 to 30 kg) were fed three different concentrate levels (30, 50 or 70%) to gain at three different rates (slow, medium and rapid). The finishing phase was evalua...

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of programming the rate of gain and delaying the first implant in feedlot steers on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Ninety-six growing steers (269 ± 16.2 kg) were assigned to 12 pens in a completely randomized design. Treatments were implant (Synovex-S; 20 mg estradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone; Fort Dodge Animal Hea...

Finishing precocity visual score selection was adopted to estimate the time from birth to reach slaughter age. This study estimated (co)variance components and genetic correlations for the finishing precocity score at weaning (WP) and yearling (YP) stages by using daily weight gain (BWG = from birth to weaning; WYG = from weaning to yearling) and speed of weight gain (BWR = from birth to weanin...

Physical castration (PC) is painful and stressful for nursing piglets. One alternative to PC is immunological castration (IC), but the pain and stress of handling associated with injections have not been assessed. The objectives of this study were to measure the pain and distress of subcutaneous (SQ) and intramuscular (IM) injections compared to PC in piglets, and to compare SQ or IM injections...