Ionic liquids can form biphasic solvent systems with many organic solvents and water, and these solvent systems can be used in liquid-liquid separations and countercurrent chromatography. The wide range of ionic liquids that can by synthesised, with specifically tailored properties, represents a new philosophy for the separation of organic, inorganic and bio-based materials. A customised counte...

objective: metal concentrations in 53 soil samples of shahr-e-babak were determined.  methods: assessment of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index revealed higher degree of contamination of cd, pb, and cu in soil samples. moreover, results of metal fractionation study revealed high amount of cd and pb are associated in weakly bounds may lead to environmental risk of these metals.  result...

heavy metal accumulation in the aquatic ecosystems is a main concern which threats human health. in this study two commercial fish species, rutilus kutum and chelon aurata were selected for assessing heavy metal (cd, pb, zn) concentrations in gill and liver tissues at babolsar’s coast, the southern caspian sea, iran. babolsar is one of the important fishery stations in the southern caspian sea....

An increasing number of chemical reactions are being employed for bio-orthogonal ligation of detection labels to protein-bound functional groups. Several of these strategies, however, are limited in their application to pure proteins and are ineffective in complex biological samples such as cell lysates. Here we present the palladium-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction as a new and robust bio-ort...

Metal ions are inextricably associated with RNAs of any size and control their folding and activity to a large part. In order to understand RNA mechanisms, also the positioning, affinities and kinetics of metal ion binding must be known. Due to the spectroscopic silence and relatively fast exchange rates of the metal ions usually associated with RNAs, this task is extremely challenging and thus...

Microaerophilic microenvironment at biocathode was evaluated for electrogenesis along with the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation in bio-electrochemical system (BES). The electrogenic activity (512 mV; 15.2 mW/m(2)) was extended for longer periods (144 h) which might be attributed to the lowering of losses due to the controlled microbial metabolism. Growth limiting stress at cathode due t...

Bio–nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as biointerface. Fundamental influence nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, interaction biointerface have been central in bio–nanoscience assess efficacy safety for a range biomedical applications. However, state cells, ...

Strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions (Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Fe(3+), Cu(2+), Ca(2+), Co(2+), and Zn(2+)) for enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in C. bainieri 2A1 was established. When cultivated in nitrogen-limited medium, the fungus produced up to 30% lipid (g/g biomass) with 12.9% (g/g lipid) GLA. However, the accumulation of lipid stopped at 48 hours of cultivation although glucose was a...

Metals are essential cofactors for bio-chemical processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, gene regulation and free-radical homeostasis. Abnormalities in metal ions concentration in organisms, lead towards the eco-physiological hazards in the aquatics. In aquatic organisms, metal absorption involves transfer of metals to the circulatory system following: uptake by the apical membrane; move...

contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. the aim of this study is to elucidate the accumulation and elimination of copper metal on the gill, muscle and skin tissues of black fish, capoeta fusca. sampling was carried out from qantas of birjand area in...