this study aimed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and self-efficacy in elementary school teachers and their professional skills of orumieh city. the population of this study was all 984 elementary school teachers of second region of orumieh ,so 276 of them were chosen according to kocran formula. three metacognitive beliefs, professional competence and sherer’s self...

We have proposed a novel application of Markov decision processes (MDPs), a reinforcement learning technique, to automatically generate hints using historical student data. Using this technique, we have modified a an existing, non-adaptive logic proof tutor called Deep Thought with a Hint Factory that provides hints on the next step a student might take. This paper presents the results of our p...

This work explores the effects of using automatically generated hints in Deep Thought, a propositional logic tutor. Generating hints automatically removes a large amount of development time for new tutors, and it also useful for already existing computer-aided instruction systems that lack intelligent feedback. We focus on a series of problems, after which, the control group is known to be 3.5 ...

The interactions of concepts and problem-solving techniques needed to solve open-ended proof problems are varied, making it difficult to select problems that improve individual student performance. We have developed a system of datadriven ordered problem selection for Deep Thought, a logic proof tutor. The problem selection system presents problem sets of expert-determined higher or lower diffi...

Editor’s note: This editorial is part of a series written by editors and co-authored with a senior executive, thought leader, or scholar from a different field to explore new content areas and grand challenges with the goal of expanding the scope, interestingness, and relevance of the work presented in the Academy of Management Journal. The principle is to use the editorial notes as “stage sett...

In recent years, language has been shown to play a number of important cognitive roles over and above the communication thoughts. One hypothesis gaining support is that facilitates thought about abstract categories, such as democracy or prediction. To test this proposal, novel set semantic memory task trials, designed for assessing non-linguistically, were normed levels abstractness. The trials...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been described as a memory deficit in the absence of other cognitive dysfunction. It can be thought of as a pre-clinical dementia. Memory impairment in this group is not as severe as in early dementia and thus learning is still possible. We were interested to see if errorless learning, a widely used rehabilitation technique, was of benefit to people with MCI....

PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been a marked increase in the study of cognitive biases in schizophrenia, which has in part been stimulated by encouraging results with cognitive-behavioral interventions in the disorder. We summarize new evidence on cognitive biases thought to trigger or maintain positive symptoms in schizophrenia and present a new therapeutic intervention. RECENT FINDINGS Recent ...

Background: More effective psychological treatments for psychosis are required. Case series data and pilot trials suggest metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a promising treatment for anxiety and depression. Other research has found negative metacognitive beliefs and thought-control strategies may be involved in the development and maintenance of hallucinations and delusions. The potential of MCT in...

We investigated whether metacognitive suggestions alone can function as a means of encouraging recipients’ reflection and facilitate hypothesis revision. We also examined whether it is necessary to ground the suggestions on the recipients’ thinking processes for the facilitative effects. 108 participants were assigned to one of the four conditions: metacognitive suggestion collaboration with/wi...