How do we learn to think better, and what can we do to promote such metacognitive learning? Here, we propose that cognitive growth proceeds through metacognitive reinforcement learning. We apply this theory to model how people learn how far to plan ahead and test its predictions about the speed of metacognitive learning in two experiments. In the first experiment, we find that our model can dis...

The success of a learning environment can be measured in terms of improvement in learner performances as well as positive learner engagement in metacognitive traits. A large body of educational technology literature establishes a positive correlation between the application of learning technologies and learner performances. In addressing the other aspect of success, this chapter presents a stud...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate teachers’ declarative metacognitive knowledge of higher order thinking skills. This was a qualitative study conducted within the educational setting of in-service science teachers’ courses. The main finding is that teachers’ intuitive (i.e., pre-instructional) knowledge of metacognition of thinking skills is unsatisfactory for the purpose of t...

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Modulation of frontal lobes activity is believed to be an important pathway trough which the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response impacts cognitive and emotional functioning. Here, we investigate the effects of stress on metacognition, which is the ability to monitor and control one's own cognition. As the frontal lobes have been shown to play a critical role in metacogniti...

An increasing number of research studies have suggested that metacognition is associated with individuals' mental health. Specifically, metacognitive beliefs about rumination was proposed to link to the onset and maintenance of depression according to the metacognitive model of depression. The current study aimed to serve as a pilot study exploring how parents' metacognitive beliefs and parenti...

Traditional forms of assessment used in face-toface and distance learning education are insufficient to ascertain the learning progress of student and therefore do not provide enough information to detect student learning gaps and improve learning. Another point is that traditional assessment ways rarely involve the student in monitoring his or her own learning through his metacognitive abiliti...

One of the oldest debates in psychological research into politicized science such as nanotechnology, vaccination, or climate change centers around role knowledge. Does increased knowledge affect beliefs about it? While has traditionally focused on object-level knowledge, here we highlight importance meta-knowledge: How much people believe they know science. Specifically, demonstrate meta-knowle...

Design: Prospective, between-subjects study, controlled for participant level of training. Resident physicians in two academic pathology programs spent four hours using one of two interfaces which differed mainly in external problem representation. The case-focused representation provided an open-learning environment in which students were free to explore evidence-hypothesis relationships withi...

Learning a language is said to implicate self-concept in a way that does not occur in other disciplines, and to entail a particular kind of anxiety related only to language situations (see Gardner & Mac Intyre, 1993; Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986, 1991). To date, however, research into affective learner variables such as anxiety, self-confidence and motivation and their impact on learner perfor...