In a randomized controlled study, we examined the effects of a one-on-one cognitive training program on memory, visual and auditory processing, processing speed, reasoning, attention, and General Intellectual Ability (GIA) score for students ages 8-14. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group to complete 60 h of cognitive training or to a wait-list control group. The ...

BACKGROUND Analyses of adverse events in surgery reveal that many underlying causes are behavioural, such as communication failure, rather than technical. Non-technical (i.e. cognitive and interpersonal) skills are not addressed explicitly in surgical training. However, surgeons need to demonstrate these skills, which underpin their technical excellence, to maximise patient safety in the operat...

Recent advances in the study of cognitive science seem to have had little impact on training in counselor education. The curriculum within which students are to develop as counselors is typically a sequence from initial counseling skills, through didactic courses on different aspects of counseling (such as career counseling), to practice, and finally, internship, and is largely a function of tr...

OBJECTIVE To address cognitive impairments that limit the effectiveness of supported employment services for patients with schizophrenia, a cognitive training program, the Thinking Skills for Work Program, was developed and integrated into supported employment services. METHOD Patients with severe mental illness (N=44) and prior histories of job failures who were enrolled in supported employm...

Research on the improvement of elementary school mathematics has shown that computer-based training of number sense (e.g., processing magnitudes or locating numbers on the number line) can lead to substantial achievement gains in arithmetic skills. Recent studies, however, have highlighted that training domain-general cognitive abilities (e.g., working memory [WM]) may also improve mathematical...

although decisions or inferences we make based on test scores depend both on characteristics of test-takers and of testing sit- uations, there is just little research which has been undertaken on the effects of these characteristics on test performance (e.g., in’nami, 2006). the effect of listening strategies on listening performance is also unde- niable (vandergrift, 1997). thus, considering t...

Meta-cognitive skills to be developed in learning for the 21st century is the detection and correction of errors in solutions. These meta-cognitive skills can help to detect errors the learner has made her/himself as well as errors others have made. Our investigations in learning from errors have the ultimate goal to adapt the selection and presentation to the learner so that he/she can better ...

BACKGROUND Sharing information is crucial for discussion of problems and treatment decision making by patients and physicians. However, the focus of communication skills training in undergraduate medical education has been on building the relationship and gathering information; thus, resident physicians tend to be less confident about sharing information and planning treatment. This study evalu...

OBJECTIVE Doctor-patient communication in oncology, particularly concerning diagnostic disclosure, is a crucial factor related to the quality of the doctor-patient relationship and the psychological state of the patient. The aims of our study were to investigate physicians' opinions and practice with respect to disclosure of a cancer diagnosis and to explore potential related factors. METHOD ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effectiveness of a clinical interviewing training program for third-year family practice trainees and determined which other factors influence residents' training in clinical communication. METHODS This was a randomized, multicenter, educational trial involving 193 third-year family practice residents from eight centers in Spain. Centers were...