The organizational structure of bilinguals’ linguistic knowledge is a key question in bilingualism research. Research in the last several decades has concentrated on examining whether bilinguals have one shared mental lexicon or two separate lexicons. The evidence tends in favor of the hypothesis that a bilingual’s two languages are distinct at the lexical level, but share a single conceptual l...

Semantic networks have been used successfully to explain access to the mental lexicon. Topological analyses of these networks have focused on acquisition and generation. We extend this work to look at models that distinguish semantic relations. We find the scale-free properties of association networks are not found in synonymy-homonymy networks, and that this is consistent with studies of child...

Previous studies on the comprehension of code-switched sentences often neglected code-switching habit specific community, so that processing difficulty might not have resulted from change in language but unnatural switching. This study explores cost habitual and nonhabitual code-switching. Thirty-one young adults participated sentence-reading task with their eye movement tracked. A two-by-two f...

We have proposed a neural network model that stores the incoming information after orthogonalizing it in the same manner as vectors are orthogonalized. The scheme enables the brain to compare a new informational system with those in the memory and store its similarities and differences with the old memories in an economical manner. This allows the brain to have an enormous capacity and yet the ...

Identifiers play an important role in communicating the intentions associated with the program entities they represent. The information captured in identifiers support programmers to (re-)build the “mental model” of the software and facilitates understanding. (Re-)building the “mental model” and understanding large software, however, is difficult and expensive. Besides, the effort involved in t...

Elman (2009) proposed that the traditional role of the mental lexicon in language processing can largely be replaced by a theoretical model of schematic event knowledge founded on dynamic context-dependent variables. We evaluate Elman’s approach and propose an alternative view, based on dual coding theory and evidence that modality-specific cognitive representations contribute strongly to word ...

The naming difficulties of Broca’s and anemic aphasics were explored in relation to a recently developed model of the normal mental lexicon which stresses the importance of integrating perceptual and functional information in the act of naming, and equally stresses the inherent vagueness of conceptual categories based on such information. Subjects were shown line drawings of various food contai...