Application of a dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies on samples collected from S. typhi or S. paratyphi culture-positive patients at the day of admission to the hospital revealed the presence of specific IgM antibodies in 43.5%, 92.9%, and 100% for samples collected 4-6 days, 6-9 days, and > 9 days after the onset of fever, respectively. The mean sensiti...

BACKGROUND Fifty-four outbreaks of domestically acquired typhoid fever were reported between 1960 and 1999. In 2010, the Southern Nevada Health District detected an outbreak of typhoid fever among persons who had not recently travelled abroad. METHODS We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between illness and exposures. A case was defined as illness with the outbreak st...

BACKGROUND Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), is a major health problem especially in developing countries. Vaccines against typhoid are commonly used by travelers but less so by residents of endemic areas. METHODOLOGY We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing to investigate the population structure of 372 S. Typhi isolated during a typhoid diseas...

PROBLEM/CONTEXT The Pacific island nation of Fiji Islands has high rates of endemic typhoid fever which is difficult to diagnose and often underreported. However, the majority of cases are preventable through use of safe water; adequate sanitation; vaccination; and, most sustainable of all, simple hygienic behaviour, such as hand washing with soap (HWWS). Despite many attempts by public health ...

This is merely a reprint in book form of the Qoulstonian Lectures, three in number, delivered this year. They appeared in the issues of The Lancet for March 24th and 31st, and April 14th. An epitome of the first two lectures was given at pp. 276, 277 of The Indian Medical Gazette for July. The last lecture deals with the agglutinating reaction, its history, technique, persistence and prognosis ...

The main objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in an open setting for typhoid fever cases. Patients with clinical signs and symptoms of typhoid fever without previous antimicrobial treatment admitted to affiliated hospitals of the Faculty of Medicine, University Indonesia were included in this study. Adults, 18 years or above, were screened fo...

We review the significance of the Widal agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Over 100 years since its introduction as a serologic means of detecting the presence of typhoid fever, the Widal test continues to be plagued with controversies involving the quality of the antigens used and interpretation of the result, particularly in endemic areas. Areas of concern with clinical and...

Typhoid (enteric) fever is still a common disease in many developing countries but current diagnostic tests are inadequate. Studies on pathogenesis and genomics have provided new insight into the organisms that cause enteric fever. Better understanding of the microorganisms explains, in part, why our current typhoid methodologies are limited in their diagnostic information and why developing ne...

Natural focal infections with transmissible transmission caused by viruses of West Nile Fever, Batai, Inco, Sindbis, Tyagin are registered in various territories Russia, the form sporadic cases, characterized polymorphism clinical symptoms, from inapparent forms to severe, occurring Central nervous system damage (meningitis, meningoencephalitis), which complicates timely diagnosis and treatment...