The use of CE in the analysis of pharmaceuticals is now becoming Rrmly established as a useful complement and alternative to the more widely employed technique of HPLC. The major attractions of CE are that considerable cost and time savings are possible, especially in the areas of chiral analysis and in the determination of solutes having limited or no chromophore. The recent advent of the use ...

Selective ion separation via capacitive deionization (CDI) is of relevance because its environmental and industrial applications in water purification softening, heavy metal removal, resource recovery. Conventionally, carbon electrodes ion-selective membranes have been used for selective removal anions cations. In this study, we engineered a CDI cell with two identical NiHCF electrodes, separat...

Shock electrodialysis is a recently developed electrochemical water treatment method that shows promise for deionization and ionic separations. Although simple models scaling laws have been proposed, predictive theory has not yet emerged to fit experimental data enable system design. Here, we extend analyze existing “leaky membrane” the canonical case of steady shock in crossflow, as recent pro...

The utility of H NMR spectroscopy of headgroup deuterated amphiphiles as a tool for measuring charge density at the surface of lipid bilayer membranes and polymer colloids is described. Attention is given to current ideas regarding the physical origin of the spectral changes observed in the presence of surface charges, and to several novel applications of the technique including determination o...

One way of improving the resolution of particles by size is to minimize the difference in RCF between the top and bottom of the sample. Practically this is achieved by layering the sample as a narrow band over a continuous density gradient. This is called rate-zonal gradient (sedimentation velocity) centrifugation; the conditions are chosen such that ρρ always remains greater than ρl. In a cont...

Porous coordination polymer (PCP) chemistry has a promising future because of the tunable structures and excellent properties of polymers. However, the strategy for designing and preparing water-resistant PCPs is a considerable challenge. This review surveys and investigates the factors governing water resistance in a hierarchy sequence. Subsequently, representative studies are provided with an...

Mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) exist in all cells, but mechanosensitivity is a phenotype not a genotype. Specialized mechanoreceptors such as the hair cells of the cochlea require elaborate mechanical impedance matching to couple the channels to the external stress. In contrast, MSCs in nonspecialized cells appear activated by stress in the bilayer local to the channel--within about three...

The adhesion of membranes is often governed by an interaction potential which exhibits a potential barrier at intermediate membrane separations. At low temperatures, the membranes are trapped by the barrier. As the temperature is increased, thermally-excited shape fluctuations act to reduce the strength of this barrier until the membranes undergo an unbinding transition. This transition is disc...

The Casimir interaction is omnipresent source of forces at small separations between bodies, which is difficult to change by varying external conditions. Here we show that graphene interacting with a metal can have the best known force contrast to the temperature and the Fermi level variations. In the distance range 50–300 nm the force is measurable and can vary a few times for graphene with a ...