the reported work is on the preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol -g- polyacrylic acid (pva-g-paa)/ polybenzimidazole sulfone (pbis) cation exchange membrane used for the electro dialysis of sodium chloride solution. the polymer syrup has been prepared using the grafting method with the help of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid in the presence of water solvent. the polymer ...

a membrane bioreactor (mbr) system based on a dead-end immersed hollow fiber membrane and filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae were used for treatment of baker’s yeast wastewater. the fungus was adapted to the wastewater in the bioreactor for two weeks before starting the continuous process. average organic loading rate of 4.2 kg cod/m3.d was entered the bioreactor. mbr system was able to redu...

Metastasis describes the ability of a tumor to invade normal tissue and generate secondary tumors at sites distant from the primary tumor. The mechanism responsible for the inhibition of tumor metastasis by different agents is at least partly associated with the ability to interfere with cellular functions such as adhesiveness, motility and invasiveness. Certainly effective treatment of metasta...

a pvc-based membrane containing cerium phosphate was developed. unlike the cerium phosphate itself that acts as a cation exchanger, the membrane exhibited anion-exchange properties. therefore, the utility of this compound as a sensory element for detection of molybdate ions was pursued. the response of molybdate selective electrode based on this membrane was perfectly linear in the concentratio...

There has been a great attention to the capacities of the amniotic membrane and its stem cells in the recent years. This membrane has been shown to have several unique capacities such as antitumor effects [1,2] as well as angiogenesis and vascular formation capacities [3]. However it is important to notice that in order to consider the amniotic membrane as a feasible option that is practical fo...

The role of sterols as structural components in the mitochondria] membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Gel to liquidcrystalline transitions of mitochondria] membrane preparations from mutant and wild type cells were probed using the technique of fluorescence polarization. Mitochondria isolated from those strains accumulating sterols other than ergosterol exhibited a phase tran...

A large number of signaling proteins translocate from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in response to receptor and electrical stimuli. The site of translocation to the plasma membrane and the "on" and "off" rates of the translocation process are critical for defining the specificity of the signaling response. In addition to targeting mechanisms based on protein-protein interactions, signaling...

The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of most gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the inner membrane by a conserved pathway of nine constitutive enzymes. Following attachment of the core oligosaccharide, nascent core-lipid A is flipped to the outer surface of the inner membrane by the AB...

Dot and slot blotting are simple techniques for immobilizing bulk unfractionated DNA on a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane. Hybridization analysis can then be carried out to determine the relative abundance of target sequences in the blotted DNA preparations. Dot and slot blots differ only in the geometry of the blot, a series of spots giving a hybridization pattern that is amenable to analysis...

Several members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases have a N-terminal dual acylation motif which specifies their myristoylation and S-acylation. These lipid modifications are necessary for correct intracellular localisation to the plasma membrane and to detergent-resistant glycolipid-enriched membrane domains (GEMs). Using chimaeras of the Lck dual acylation motif with two normally cy...