This article summarizes previous work using density-functional simulations to investigate the effects of nanoscale surface coatings on the dynamics of semiconductor surfaces near their melting points. We demonstrate that a coating of GaAs only a single monolayer thick causes a dramatic reduction in the diffusive motion of the surface atoms of a Ge(110) crystal, and causes superheating of the bu...

PURPOSE To report a case of corneal melting in a patient with fornix foreshortening being treated with reformulated generic diclofenac. METHODS Case report. RESULTS An asymptomatic 76-year old man presented with central corneal melting while being treated with reformulated generic diclofenac. This formulation did not contain the vitamin E derivative, tocophersolan, which has been felt to co...

The thermodynamic model of ultrathin lubricant film melting, confined between two atomically-flat solid surfaces, is built using the Landau phase transition approach. Non-equilibrium entropy is introduced describing the part of thermal motion conditioned by non-equilibrium and non-homogeneous character of the thermal distribution. The equilibrium entropy changes during the time of transition of...

High-resolution melting of DNA is a simple solution for genotyping, mutation scanning and sequence matching. The melting profile of a PCR product depends on its GC content, length, sequence and heterozygosity and is best monitored with saturating dyes that fluoresce in the presence of double-stranded DNA. Genotyping of most variants is possible by the melting temperature of the PCR products, wh...

Temperature, thermal history, and dynamics of Earth rely critically on the knowledge of the melting temperature of iron at the pressure conditions of the inner core boundary (ICB) where the geotherm crosses the melting curve. The literature on this subject is overwhelming, and no consensus has been reached, with a very large disagreement of the order of 2,000 K for the ICB temperature. Here we ...

The velocity and nanoscale shape of the melting front are investigated in a model that combines the molecular dynamics method with a continuum description of the electron heat conduction and electron-phonon coupling. The velocity of the melting front is strongly affected by the local drop of the lattice temperature, defined by the kinetic balance between the transfer of thermal energy to the la...

In the framework of melting as a dislocation-mediated phase transition we derive an equation for the pressure dependence of the melting temperatures of the elements valid up to pressures of order their ambient bulk moduli. Melting curves are calculated for Al, Mg, Ni, Pb, the iron group (Fe, Ru, Os), the chromium group (Cr, Mo, W), the copper group (Cu, Ag, Au), noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)...

Depression of the melting point of liver tissue rapidly frozen by liquid nitrogen during life provides a means by which the molecular concentration within liver cells may be compared with that of solutions of sodium chloride or of blood or of blood serum. The rising temperature of frozen blood of guinea pig under the conditions of these experiments is retarded when melting occurs, pursues when ...

Generation and motion of dislocations and twinning are the main mechanisms of plastic deformation. A new mechanism of plastic deformation and stress relaxation at high strain rates (10(9)-10(12) s(-1)) is proposed, under which virtual melting occurs at temperatures much below the melting temperature. Virtual melting is predicted using a developed, advanced thermodynamic approach and confirmed b...

It has been argued that for antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to stop ice crystal growth, they must irreversibly bind to the ice surface. Surface-adsorbed AFPs should also prevent ice from melting, but to date this has been demonstrated only in a qualitative manner. Here we present the first quantitative measurements of superheating of ice in AFP solutions. Superheated ice crystals were stable for hou...