The possibility of effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, largely depends on its detection at an early stage before symptoms develop. Screening patients with known cirrhosis, in whom the overall annual incidence of HCC development is of the order of 1-6% (1,2), has the potential to improve the detection rate of such asymptomatic tumors. ...

In most conflicts there is the potential that there will be Captured Persons (CPERS) whose medical care is the responsibility of the capturing army. The standard of this care should be to the same standard as that afforded to one's own troops. However the medical practicalities of maintaining such standards can be difficult. This article reviews the practicalities of the medical care of CPERS a...

Stroke is a medical emergency as it is the third commonest cause of death and the most important cause of acquired severe disability in adults. Stroke services, funding and research have lagged behind cardiac medicine but evidence is now available to support a much more interventional approach to the assessment and management of patients with ischaemic stroke. Randomised controlled trials and m...

This review discusses about the medical management of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common form of neuralgia. Management of trigeminal neuralgia is based on either on chemotherapy or on surgical management. Anticonvulsants are considered as most effective in the treating trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine is considered as most efficient and primary drug for treating th...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia where uncoordinated atrial electrical activity results in ineffectual atrial mechanical action and irregular ventricular response. AF is the commonest sustained arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. AF is often associated with underlying structural or functional heart disease, but there may not be any detectable heart di...

Sir Francis Avery Jones (FAJ-for once the abbreviation means something to everyone) has been actively involved in the practical and research aspects of management of peptic ulcer throughout his long and productive career. Some of FAJ's earliest publications (Avery Jones, 1939a and b, 1943, 1947) deal with management of acute upper alimentary bleeding and he was instrumental in introducing moder...

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disease characterized by long bone overgrowth and other skeletal abnormalities, dislocation of the ocular lens, pneumothorax, decreased skeletal muscle mass, mitral valve prolapse, and dilatation of the aortic root. Antoine BernardJean Marfan first described the syndrome in 1896 in a young patient with peculiarly long and thin digits (subseq...

useful if practicable because this is invariably raised in acute myocardial infarction but is normal in pulmonary embolism. A "paradoxical" arterial pulse, which falls at the onset of inspiration and rises on expiration by more than 15 mm. Hgso that the change is detectable by the finger palpating the femoral pulse-is almost invariably present in acute cardiac tamponade from pericardial effusio...

Victims of radiological terrorism events require prompt diagnosis and treatment of medical and surgical conditions as well as conditions related to radiation exposure. Hospital emergency personnel should triage victims using traditional medical and trauma criteria. Radiation dose can be estimated early post-event using rapid-sort, automated biodosimetry and clinical parameters such as the clini...

Poisoning by paraquat herbicide is a major medical problem in parts of Asia while sporadic cases occur elsewhere. The very high case fatality of paraquat is due to inherent toxicity and lack of effective treatments. We conducted a systematic search for human studies that report toxicokinetics, mechanisms, clinical features, prognosis and treatment. Paraquat is rapidly but incompletely absorbed ...