Introduction: Cardiac mapping is a broad term that covers several modes of mapping such as body surface,1 endocardial,2 and epicardial3 mapping. The recording and analysis of extracellular electrograms, reported as early as 1915, forms the basis for cardiac mapping.4 More commonly, cardiac mapping is performed with catheters that are introduced percutaneously into the heart chambers and sequent...

The conventional definition of reliability (and reliability engineering as discipline) suggests that reliability is a quantifiable performance requirement of a product or system. This means that reliability can be specified, designed for, predicted, measured and demonstrated, using applicable mathematical and statistical models. This paper argues against the futile and erroneous quantification ...

Optimizing traffic flow is essential for easing congestion. However, even when globally optimal, coordinated, and individualized routes are provided, users may choose alternative which offer lower individual costs. By analyzing the impact of selfish route choices on performance using cavity method, we find that a small ratio improves global uncoordinated transportation networks but degrades eff...