Although apoptosis has been demonstrated in soleus during hindlimb suspension (HS), it is not known whether apoptosis is also involved in the loss of muscles dominated by mixed fibers. Therefore, we examined the apoptotic responses in gastrocnemius muscles of young adult and aged Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats after 14 days of HS. The medial gastrocnemius muscle wet weight significantly decrea...

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle force contributions ankle joint compression and anteroposterior shear forces between people with chronic instability (CAI) healthy controls (CON) during an unanticipated cutting task. Eleven CAI 11 CON performed task as three-dimensional motion capture, ground reaction (GRF), activation data were collected. A musculoskeletal modeling used calculat...

This study tested the hypothesis that inhibitor of differentiation-2 (Id2), p53, and heat shock proteins (HSP) are responsive to suspension-induced muscle atrophy. Fourteen days of hindlimb suspension were used to unload the hindlimbs and induce atrophy in gastrocnemius muscles of young adult and aged rats. Following suspension, medial gastrocnemius muscle wet weight was reduced by approximatel...

Introduction The plantaris muscle belongs to the posterior superficial crural muscles in the anatomy of human’s body, which are subdivided into two groups as superficial and deep. It is placed between the gastrocnemius and soleus. Its origin is from the inferior part of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur at a position a little superior to the origin of the lateral head of gastrocnemius...