OBJECTIVE Alcohol use is frequently portrayed in television programming and advertising. Exposure to media portrayals of alcohol use may lead to increased drinking. To address this issue, we examined prospectively the associations between media exposure and alcohol use in adolescents. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Setting. Six public high schools in San Jose, California. Participants. Nint...

Purpose – Given the widespread popularity of social media, such as Twitter, Facebook, Googleþ , and LinkedIn, theorizing and understanding the user attitude and usage behavior of social media site is fundamental in developing future understandings and deployment of these new technologies. One approach to such studies on drivers of social media usage behavior would be to revisit the technology a...

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of carbaryl in whole blood and commercial formulations, based on normal, and synchronous firstand second-derivative fluorescence spectra, is presented. Solvent effects on the spectral characteristics of carbaryl solutions and the influences of instrumental parameters are described in detail. Two methods have been developed, with neutral (for c...

Two empirical studies are presented that explore how and why e-mail communication (versus face-to-face communication) influences cooperation in mixed motive group contexts. Results indicate that, relative to those engaging in face-to-face interaction, those who interacted via e-mail were (1) less cooperative and (2) felt more justified in being non-cooperative. Feelings of justification mediate...

The coupling between free space radiation and optical media critically influences the performance of optical devices. We show that, for any given photonic structure, the sum of the external coupling rates for all its optical modes are subject to an upper bound dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. Such bound limits how efficient light can be coupled to any photonic structure. As one exa...

plotinus' attempt to counter the aristotle critiques on plato's theory of ideas, leads to his theory of emanation, which is called double act doctrine. plotinus is influenced by aristotle, not only in raising the problem of emanation quality, but the language and terms (including reasonable matter, indefinite dyad and activity) that are used to describe his theory. also, the theory of...

Observations of seismic waves from earthquakes at depths between 100 and 200 km beneath Japan show that the initial portion of the S-wave arrival has greater duration than can be accounted for by earthquake source-time duration. The observed long duration of S waves has been explained as being caused by multiple forward scattering around the ray path between source and receiver. Array observati...

The chapters in this book suggest that scholars are nowhere near a consensus on whether the mass public is more polarized than it has been in the past and, if it is, relative to precisely when. Nonetheless, among those who believe the mass public has, indeed, become increasingly polarized in its views, mass media are very likely to be invoked as a cause. Perhaps this should come as no surprise ...

THE 2008 American presidential election was notable for many reasons, including ethnic, gender, and financial components (Federal Election Commission, 2009) as well as a robust Democratic primary contest and the highest turnout rate in 40 years (McDonald, 2008). Also, during this campaign, ratings remained competitive among many print and broadcast media (Stelter & Pérez-Peña, 2008) despite the...

In today’s aging world social media are often viewed as a means to enhance social connectivity of older adults. However, previous research on social media’s influence on social connectivity yields conflicting results and fails to assess the –debatablecausal direction of relationship. This research in-progress paper suggests remedies that may yield more robust results. We propose that conflictin...