نتایج جستجو برای: measures of income inequality
تعداد نتایج: 21196840 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This paper reviews and then discusses selected findings from a seventeen year study about the population prevalence of people who inject drugs (PWID) and of HIV prevalence and mortality among PWID in 96 large US metropolitan areas. Unlike most research, this study was conducted with the metropolitan area as the level of analysis. It found that metropolitan area measures of income inequality and...
In this study, through the elasticity approach, we tried to evaluate the effects of cash subsidy on poverty reduction. In this regard, after the theoretical arguments about the poverty elasticity to income, Gini Coefficient, and price using the data related to the expenses and incomes of the 14701 urban households from 1389 to 1390, the quantitative value of these elasticity was measured and fi...
اندازهگیری نابرابری درآمدی در اشکال مختلف آن در یک دوره زمانی، ارزیابی مناسبی از وضعیت توزیع درآمد ارائه میکند. در تحقیق حاضر ابتدا با استفاده از شاخصهای نابرابری درآمد(ضریب جینی و سهم دهکهای درآمدی) روند نابرابری درآمدی در استان همدان و کل کشور به تفکیک مناطق شهری و روستایی، در دوره زمانی89-1375 بررسی شده است، نتایج حاصل از برآورد ضریب جینی در مناطق شهری و روستایی استان، نشان می‌دهد که می...
BACKGROUND The relationship between income inequality and health remains controversial in terms of whether or not it exists and, if so, its extent and the mechanisms involved. This study examines the relationship between income inequality, as indicated by the Gini coefficient, and mortality in Italy. METHODS Cross-sectional ecological study on the 57,138,489 inhabitants living in the 95 provi...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES No recent international studies provide evidence about its prevalence, trends, or social determinants of physical fighting in adolescents. We studied cross-national epidemiologic trends over time in the occurrence of frequent physical fighting, demographic variations in reported trends, and national wealth and income inequality as correlates. METHODS Cross-sectional ...
Using General Social Survey data from 1972 to 2008, we found that Americans were on average happier in the years with less national income inequality than in the years with more national income inequality. We further demonstrated that this inverse relation between income inequality and happiness was explained by perceived fairness and general trust. That is, Americans trusted other people less ...
OBJECTIVES To assess the magnitude and pattern of socioeconomic inequality in current smoking in low and middle income countries. METHODS We used data from the World Health Survey [WHS] in 48 low-income and middle-income countries to estimate the crude prevalence of current smoking according to household wealth quintile. A Poisson regression model with a robust variance was used to generate t...
Since 2000, levels of investment and economic growth in South Africa have achieved their fastest increases in decades. Nevertheless, with an official unemployment rate of 26%, a poverty rate estimated at approximately 50%, and one of the most severe measures of inequality in the world, South Africa faces substantial challenges in addressing poverty, inequality and unemployment. While it ranks a...
The application of information theory to the measurement of income inequality has yielded an impressive array of measurement techniques known as Generalized Entropy (GE) measures. Special cases of this class of index include Theil’s T and L measures which are considered axiomatically superior to other types of metrics including the popular Gini coefficient. In this paper we show that the parall...
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