It is important for practical use of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to not only develop new materials including electrodes and proton exchange membranes but also to understand the bacterial community structure related to electricity generation. Here, four kinds of novel membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were made. Four lactate fed MFCs equipped with the membranes were characterized by electroch...

We consider the problem of modeling syntax and semantics of probabilistic processes with continuous states (e.g. with continuous data). Syntax and semantics of these systems can be defined as algebras and coalgebras of suitable endofunctors over Meas, the category of measurable spaces. In order to give a more concrete representation for these coalgebras, we present an SOS-like rule format which...

Given a set of axis-aligned boxes B = {B1, B2, . . . , Bn} and a set of points P = {p1, p2, . . . , pm} in d-space, let the discrete measure of B with respect to P be defined as meas(B,P) = |P ∩ { ⋃n i=1Bi}|, namely, the number of points of P contained in the union of boxes of B. This is a discrete and dynamic version of Klee’s measure problem, which asks for the Euclidean volume of a union of ...

Most cell culture studies rely on taking representative, quasi-static data snapshots during limited time windows. To permit continuous experimentation, we devised an automated perfusion system based on microfluidic cell culture chambers for microelectrode arrays (MEAs). The design is based on a perfusion cap fabricated in replica-molding technology and on a hermetically shielded, gravity-driven...

We present an algorithm to identify individual neural spikes observed on high-density multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). Our method can distinguish large numbers of distinct neural units, even when spikes overlap, and accounts for intrinsic variability of spikes from each unit. As MEAs grow larger, it is important to find spike-identification methods that are scalable, that is, the computational co...

A variety of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) has been developed for monitoring intra-cortical neural activity at a high spatio-temporal resolution, opening a promising future for brain research and neural prostheses. However, most MEAs are based on metal electrodes on rigid substrates, and the intra-cortical implantation normally causes neural damage and immune responses that impede long-term reco...

The use of autonomous contracting randomly grown cardiomyocyte monolayers cultivated on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) represents an accepted experimental setting for preclinical experimental research in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. A dominant pacemaker forces a monolayer to adhere to a regular and synchronized contraction. Randomly distributed multiple pacemakers interfere with this d...

The design of novel bidirectional interfaces for in vivo and in vitro nervous systems is an important step towards future functional neuroprosthetics. Small electrodes, structures and devices are necessary to achieve high-resolution and target-selectivity during stimulation and recording of neuronal networks, while significant charge transfer and large signal-to-noise ratio are required for acc...