In his logic of conversation, Paul Grice made an important distinction between two kinds of act that speakers may perform when uttering a sentence and, correspondingly, two kinds or levels of speaker meaning: (i) saying, hence what is said, and (ii) implicating, hence what is implicated (implicature) (Grice 1975). The distinction between what is said and what is implicated can be seen as one in...

I n the UK referendum on 23 June 2016 the British electorate delivered a majority vote in favour of leaving the EU. The margin was small—52 to 48%—but the result was clear. Since then, nothing has been clear. The roiling waters of UK politics have delivered a new Prime Minister, Theresa May, and a new conservative government, but the flow of events remains turbulent. Amid the ongoing confusion ...

How is Meaning Communicated through Online Instruction Importance of Synchronous Discussion Definition Importance Synchronous Discussion for TESOL Teachers Advantages and Disadvantages of Chat Groups Advantages Disadvantages Pedagogical Uses of Chat Groups Why Pedagogy Constructivism Synchronous Discussion as Mindtools Strategies for Facilitating Effective Chat Discussions Netiquette Assessing ...

Newton’s mechanics is one of the most successful theories in the history of science; its success is based on three Newton’s laws. At first glance, the Newton’s laws that describe the relation between masses, forces, and accelerations are very clear and straightforward. However, the situation becomes more ambiguous if we take into account that the notions of mass and force are not operationally ...

Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is a convenient marker of myocardial scar evaluated by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. fQRS is defined as additional spikes within the QRS complex. In patients with CAD, fQRS was associated with myocardial scar detected by single photon emission tomography and was a predictor of cardiac events. fQRS was also a predictor of mortality and arrhythmic events in pati...