BACKGROUND We evaluated the different climatic factors in urban and rural areas that may affect the incidence of urolithiasis. Nationwide data on urolithiasis were acquired from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 2009 and 2013. Information on age, gender, date of diagnosis, geographic region and daily weather data from all weather stations was collected. The data were groupe...

b = vortex spacing l = lateral displacement N = Brunt–Väisälä frequency q = root-mean-square turbulence velocity t = time u = axial velocity v = lateral velocity, vertical displacement V = aircraft ground speed w = descent speed, vertical wind velocity x = axial coordinate y = spanwise coordinate z = vertical coordinate = circulation = eddy dissipation rate = potential temperature = standard de...

Low-level clouds have a strong climate-cooling effect in oceanic regions due to the much lower albedo of the underlying sea surface. Marine clouds typically have low droplet concentrations, making their radiative properties susceptible to changes in cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentrations. Here, we use the global aerosol model GLOMAP to investigate the processes that determine variation...

[1] Since 1996 when GPS reflected signals were purposefully acquired, an effort to assess the utility of these signals has been under way. It was early determined that the reflected GPS signal can be related to ocean surface wind dependent slope probability densities. Quantifying that relationship has resulted in considerable data taken at wind speeds below those associated with tropical storms...

When animals move, their tracks may be strongly influenced by the motion of air or water, and this may affect the speed, energetics and prospects of the journey. Flying organisms, such as bats, may thus benefit from modifying their flight in response to the wind vector. Yet, practical difficulties have so far limited the understanding of this response for free-ranging bats. We tracked nine stra...

The purpose of our work is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of retrieving sea surface wind speeds from C-band cross-polarization (herein vertical-horizontal, VH) Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) SAR images in typhoons. In this study, we have collected three GF-3 SAR images acquired in Global Observation (GLO) and Wide ScanSAR (WSC) mode during the summer of 2017 from the China Sea, which i...

high speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. the air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. to arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...

Applying 4-levels grid nested WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model to predict meteorological elements of wind farm field, and employing WRF model outputs and SCADA data of wind turbines to construct wind power forecast models by using the APLSR (Adapting Partial Least Square Regression) method, this paper has conducted wind power forecast in 24 hours ahead, at Wenling wind farm which lo...

The appropriate weather prediction is a challenging task and it can be feasible with proper wind speed fluctuation analysis. In this current paper daubechies-4 wavelet is used to analyze the winter wind speed fluctuations due to lesser agitated wind data samples of winter. In summer abrupt changes in wind speed occurs which creates difficulty for wavelets to keep proper track of wind speed fluc...

[1] One of the primary goals of the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) effort is to assess and improve prediction of the solar wind conditions in nearEarth space, arising from both quasi-steady and transient structures. We compare 8 years of L1 in situ observations to predictions of the solar wind speed made by the WangSheeley-Arge (WSA) empirical model. The mean-square error (...