BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this longitudinal study changes in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation, were investigated in the airways of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). METHODS Levels of MDA were measured in s...

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most commonly reported biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical studies. The reaction of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with MDA to yield a pink chromogen attributable to an MDA-TBA₂ adduct is a common assay approach with products being quantified by ultraviolet-Vis assay as nonspecific TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) or chromatographically as MDA. The specifi...

to investigate the effect of salinity stress on membrane stability index, membrane lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and protein content of fenugreek (trigonellafoenum) an experiment with five levels of short-term salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm) was carried out at the laboratory of agriculture faculty of shahid bahonar university of kerman, iran. the treatments were arranged ba...

drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. in the present study, the changes in lipid peroxidation rate and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined at different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (peg) 6000 (0, 5, 10, and 15% (w/v)) for two canola cultivars (slm046 and hyola 308). in order to produce water deficit, 12 days old canola s...

In Model driven architecture (MDA) domain experts model their knowledge in a modeling language at a higher abstraction level than source code. The mapping from domain models to source code is often performed automatically, but programmers still have to implement many details manually. MDA brings domain experts and programmers closer together and makes the communication gap smaller. Often this i...

Launched in 2001, MDA is now having a major impact on the work of the application development methods and tools community. Currently, there are at least 40 tools that incorporate at least one of the major aspects of MDA (the OMG website has a page at http://www.omg.org/mda/committedproducts.htm listing 42 of them) and there are perhaps another couple of dozen in the works. According to Jon Sieg...

Benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) is the most common benign tumor in men due to obstruction of the urethra and, finally, uremia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product derived from peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and related esters. Evaluation of MDA in serum represents a non-invasive biomarker of oxidative stress. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a sensitive marker for prostatic hype...

Model-Driven Development (MDD) has become a familiar software engineering term in recent years, thanks to the profound influence of the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). Yet MDD, like MDA itself, defines a general framework, and as such is a generic approach rather than a concrete development methodology. Methodology support for MDA has been rather slow in coming, yet even though several MDA-bas...