Factors such as demand volume and replenishment lead time that influence production and inventory control systems are random variables. Existing inventory models incorporate the parameters (e.g., mean and standard deviation) of these statistical quantities to formulate inventory policies. In practice, only sample estimates of these parameters are available. The estimates are subject to sampling...

Despite their superficial similarities, nonrestrictive relatives and asparentheticals show contrasting behavior in a range of apparently disparate domains, including (i) equative constructions (section 4); (ii) selective island contexts (section 5); and (iii) clause-internal ‘‘niching’’ (section 7). Additionally, as-parentheticals allow a wider range of interpretations relative to their anteced...

Media coverage of the 2003 Iraq War frequently contained corrections and retractions of earlier information. For example, claims that Iraqi forces executed coalition prisoners of war after they surrendered were retracted the day after the claims were made. Similarly, tentative initial reports about the discovery of weapons of mass destruction were all later disconfirmed. We investigated the eff...

People have a powerful “physical intelligence” – an ability to infer physical properties of objects and predict future states in complex, dynamic scenes – which they use to interpret their surroundings, plan safe and effective actions, build and understand devices and machines, and communicate efficiently. For instance, you can choose where to place your coffee to prevent it from spilling, arra...

This article reports on a research study designed to address the role of writing in terms of the assessment of student learning. The two-phase study involved an instructional technique for incorporating writing into the curriculum for non-majors. This technique was developed to bring science and engineering topics to the forefront in a new introductory physics course entitled Physics for a New ...

The possibilities of structure elucidation of nucleic acid degradation products and of sequencing of oligonucleotides are discussed. There are three classes of natural products, the sequencing of which has been attempted by mass spectrometry, viz. oligosaccharides, peptides and nucleotides. While oligosaccharides offer some special problems due to structural variability, peptides and nucleotide...

THE CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENTS to exercise constitute wellcoordinated responses throughout the body. Virtually every organ system is required to do more (e.g., skeletal muscle, the respiratory pump, and the cardiac pump) or to do the same as at rest while receiving less blood flow. Of all the organ systems, perhaps only global brain activity and blood flow are not modulated in some manner. The ...

Fee, Michale S., Partha P. Mitra, and David Kleinfeld. Central somatosensory (S1) cortex (Fabri and Burton 1991; Izraeli versus peripheral determinants of patterned spike activity in rat and Porter 1995; Miyashita et al. 1994; White and Deamicis vibrissa cortex during whisking. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1144–1149, 1977) as well as central pathways at the level of brain stem 1997. We report on the re...

OVER THE PAST 20-30 YEARS, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of dyspnea. We have come to the realization that dyspnea encompasses a number of distinct sensations (16) and that a diverse array of receptors in the chest wall, lungs, airways, and central nervous system may influence the quality and intensity of an individual’s respiratory sensation. In this issue, Edo and col...

ABOUT 50 YEARS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PERCEPTRON AND SOME 25 YEARS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF PDP MODELS, WHERE ARE WE NOW? In 1986, Rumelhart and McClelland took the cognitive science community by storm with the Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) framework. Rather than abstracting from the biological substrate as was sought by the “information processing” paradigms of the 1970s, conne...