Much of the literature on quality democracy is case study-oriented and focused nation states. Theoretical work and, in particular, comparative empirical research local are less advanced. This paper contributes to our understanding how works from below. It develops a conceptual framing employs multidimensional index across all 278 municipalities mainland Portugal by focusing procedural dimension...

Abstract This contribution investigates how combinations of instruments, often called policy mixes, enhance learning processes at different levels. It analyzes the European Union’s (EU) Covenant Mayors (CoM) that is underpinned by a set to promote local action for sustainable energy and climate. The piece offers an original framework explore whether enhances level institutions among governments...

On October 12 to 13, 2019, Typhoon Hagibis (otherwise called East Japan or No. 19 in the first year of Reiwa Japan) attacked and caused heavy rain wide areas Japan. In upper Abukuma River Basin, flood with record-breaking water levels, rising very rapidly lasting a long time, substantial damage including 31 breaches national prefectural levees. This paper provides study on proper information se...

Abstract We review recent empirical economic studies on urban ambient air pollution from a mayor’s perspective. We discuss the sources of pollution, costs that it imposes, and policy tools available to mayor alleviate it. For costs, we briefly summarize traditional estimates health mortality focus more evidence mental psychological health, labor productivity supply, avoidance behavior, willing...

The 1983 Chicago mayoral election, which polarized Black and white voters, left the nascent Latino electorate in an uncertain position. A reevaluation of this election clarifies impact candidate Harold Washington, whose candidacy laid bare significant political divisions anti-Black sentiment among Latinos as they grappled with their relationship to whiteness. Divisions aside, Washington's effor...

Criminal acts of corruption and money laundering are increasingly complex, neat sophisticated, carried out by educated people with the positions Members DPR, DPRD, Heads Institutions/Ministries, Governors, Mayors/Regents Deputy Echelon I/II, judges, private parties various ages come from different regions. The mode is through procuring goods services, licensing, bribery, levies, budget abuse la...

Rapid urbanisation is a key characteristic of the modern world, interacting with and reinforcing other global mega trends, including armed conflict, climate change, crime, environmental degradation, financial and economic instability, food shortages, underemployment, volatile commodity prices, and weak governance. Displaced people also are affected by and engaged in the process of urbanisation....

BACKGROUND To contend with the risk of exclusion created by user fees, those implementing the Bamako Initiative (BI) were asked to organise exemption schemes for the indigent. But those exemption schemes were never put in place in Africa due to difficulties identifying the indigent. An action research was implemented to test the hypothesis that a community-based process for selecting beneficiar...