We study experimentally the influence of confinement on the penetration depth of impacting spheres into a granular medium contained in a finite cylindrical vessel. The presence of close lateral walls reduces the penetration depth, and the characteristic distance for these lateral wall effects is found to be of the order of one sphere diameter. The influence of the bottom wall is found to have a...

Abstract A theory is presented to account for all the experimental observations of fluxoid quantization and phase transition in superconducting cylinders, without invoking the large, unlikely, misalignment between field and cylinder required in previous theory. Correct values are obtained for the ratio of periodic to background quadratic coefficients in the resistance vs. field plot, and for th...

We have used the formation of a bio-probe stack with up to 24 steps on gold nanoparticle and continuous gold surfaces to characterize the penetration depth of the plasmon field in a non-invasive manner by only involving biomolecules from standard bio-assays. An alternating anti-goat rabbit IgG and anti-rabbit IgG bio-probe stack is polymerized on protein A/G functionalized gold surfaces. The ch...

The use of a volume holographic filter as collector element in a confocal system imaging through scattering (turbid) material is described. We show that the penetration depth of the volume holographic system is de-coupled from the scatter noise discrimination properties, and is potentially more advantageous than the traditional confocal microscope. Since the volume-holographic filter is a match...