(a) D: α0 = 1, α1 = 1, α2 = 1. χ(D ) = 1. (b) S: α0 = 1, α1 = 0, α2 = 1. χ(S ) = 2. (c) Möbius band: α0 = 1, α1 = 2, α2 = 1. χ(M) = 0. (d) Mg of genus g: α0 = 1, α1 = 2g, α2 = 1. χ(Mg) = 2− 2g. 6. RP n = (R − {0})/{z ∼ λz} = S/{z ∼ −z} = S/Z2 RP n = σ ∪ RP n−1 implies RP n = σ ∪ σn−1 ∪ · · · ∪ σ χ(RP ) = 1 for n even and 0 for n odd. 7. CP n = (C − {0})/{z ∼ λz} = S/{z ∼ λz||λ| = 1} CP n = σ ∪ ...

whenever ‖~v‖V < δ. In this case the bounded linear operator dF~v0 is called the (Frechet) derivative of F at ~v0. Prove that if ‖ • ‖V is a norm on V which is equivalent to ‖ • ‖V , then F is differentiable at ~v9 with respect to ‖ • ‖V if and only if it is differentiable at ~v0 with respect to ‖ • ‖V , and in this case the derivatives are equal. Similarly, if ‖ • ‖W is a norm on W which is eq...

Problems from Review of Set Theory Notes 3 (c) We prove that A× (B −C) = (A×B)− (A×C). We show that A× (B −C) ⊂ (A×B)−(A×C), and (A×B)−(A×C) ⊂ A×(B−C). For the first containment, let x ∈ A× (B − C). Then x = (a, b) where a ∈ A and b ∈ B − C. We certainly have x ∈ A × B, and since the second coordinate of x is not in C, we conclude that x / ∈ A× C. For the second containment, let x ∈ (A× B)− (A×...

3. The Implicit Function Theorem and its special case, the Inverse Function Theorem. Relation to the Contraction Mapping Fixed Point Theorem. Computation of several iterates of the approximating sequence to the implicit function. Continuity and differentiability of the implicit function. Application to differentiable variation of the fixed point in the Contraction Mapping Fixed Point Theorem. 4...

MAT Surface Representation Christoph M. Ho mann Pamela J. Vermeery Abstract A vital issue to considerwhen exploiting themedial axis transform (MAT) as an object representation in its own right is whether the object recovered by the conversion process is a valid object. The general criterion for validity is that the recovered object should have no self-intersections. While any curve or surface c...

6. Suppose X is a metric space, let BX be the σ-algebra generated by the open sets of X, we call BX the Borel σ-algebra and its elements Borel sets. 7. A countable intersection of open sets is called a Gδ set ; a countable union of closed sets is called an Fσ set . 8. We call a collection of subsets of X an elementary family if (i) ∅ ∈ E ; (ii) if E,F ∈ E , then E ∩ F ∈ E ; and (iii) if E ∈ E ,...