Medical care at mass casualty incidents and disasters requires rapid patient triage and assessment, acute care and disposition often in the setting of overwhelming numbers of victims, limited time, and little resources. Current systems rely on a paper triage tag on which rescuers and medical providers mark the patient's triage status and record limited information on injuries and treatments adm...

Violence fromexplosivesand firearms results inmass casualty events inwhich the injured havemultiple penetrating and soft tissue injuries. Events such as those in Boston,Massachusetts;Newtown,Connecticut;andAurora, Colorado, as well as those in other locations, such as Europe and the Middle East, demonstrate that civilian trauma may at times resemble that seen in a combat setting. As the civilia...

BACKGROUND Mass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance. This study aims to systematically identify, describe and appraise the quality of indexed and non-i...

Introduction: The occurrence of disasters and mass casualty incidents (MCIs) is on the rise, thus training rehearsal for disaster response remain paramount. Virtual reality (VR) platforms have previously been shown to be well-received, engaging, immersive training. primary objective this study was ascertain if a human actor-based VR MCI scenario could elicit sympathetic response, as measured by...

Introduction: Mass casualty incident (MCI) management was usually taught by lectures and then tested exercises. However, the lecture may not be interesting tabletop exercise (TTx) adequately engage participants, especially senior medical students. To solve these two problems, we think that a TTx using 3D models can good teaching method of MCI for Method: A in emergency room (ER) designed studen...