The objective of this research was to examine whether users of mental health or substance abuse (MH/SA) services incurred greater costs for non-MH/SA services than nonusers of MH/SA services. Two years of health care utilization data were collected on 443 at-risk drinkers from six southern U.S. states. We then examined predictors of using MH/SA services and costs associated with non-MH/SA servi...

BACKGROUND Scapula alata (SA) is a known complication of breast surgery associated with palsy of the serratus anterior, but it is seldom mentioned. We evaluated the risk factors associated with SA and the relationship of SA with ipsilateral shoulder/arm morbidity in a series of patients enrolled in a trial of post-surgery radiotherapy (RT). METHODS The trial randomized women with completely r...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a likely endogenous signal in the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in some dicotyledonous plants. In tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-resistant Xanthi-nc tobacco, SA levels increase systemically following the inoculation of a single leaf with TMV. To determine the extent to which systemic increases in SA result from SA export from the inoculated leaf, SA produc...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a leading cause of infectious diseases in sports teams. In recent decades, community-associated SA (CA-SA) strains have emerged worldwide and have been responsible for outbreaks in sports teams. There are very few data on the prevalence of these strains in France, and none on the carriage among athletes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to ...

The phenomenon of situational awareness (SA) has received considerable attention in recent years and significant theoretical advances have been made which establish that SA is an important component of teamwork. This is especially true in complex environments, such as in command and control, where the team is required to deal with decision-making problems under significant pressure. Two models ...

Plant defenses induced by salicylic acid (SA) are vital for resistance against biotrophic pathogens. In basal and receptor-triggered immunity, SA accumulation is promoted by Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 with its co-regulator Phytoalexin Deficient4 (EDS1/PAD4). Current models position EDS1/PAD4 upstream of SA but their functional relationship remains unclear. In a genetic and transcriptomic ...

Human milk compared with infant formulas contains considerably more sialic acid (SA) and cholesterol. Because both compounds accumulate rapidly in the frontal cortex in infancy, it has been suggested these compounds may be conditionally essential nutrients for brain development. A limited number of animal studies demonstrate that dietary cholesterol and SA increase cortical cholesterol and SA c...

Linkage analyses in experimental crosses of hypertensive and normotensive rats have strongly suggested the presence of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing blood pressure on rat chromosome 1, at or near the Sa gene. To confirm the presence of such a locus and move toward identification of the causative gene, we have developed, through targeted breeding over 10 generations using an Sa ge...

Impacts of H. pylori mixed-infection and heteroresistance on clinical outcomes Masoud Alebouyeh, Abbas Yadegar, Nastaran Farzi, Marzyieh Miri, Homayoon Zojaji, Somayeh Gharibi, Zeinab Fazeli, Naser Ebrahimi Daryani, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohammad Reza Zali Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University...