Schizophrenia patients have difficulty extracting emotional information from facial expressions. Perception of facial emotion can be examined by systematically altering the spatial frequency of stimuli and suppressing visual processing with temporal precision using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In the present study, we compared 25 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls using ...

Auditory backward recognition masking refers to the ability of a masking sound to terminate further perceptual resolution of a test sound presented slightly earlier in time. The present experiments were conducted to determine whether mask/test tone similarity effects in backward recognition masking could be reliably demonstrated. Although similarity effects were found in Experiments 1 and 2, on...

The effect of masker-frequency variability on the detection performance of 7-9 month-old infants and adults was examined. Listeners detected a 300-ms 1000-Hz pure tone masked by: (1) A random-frequency two-tone complex; (2) a fixed-frequency two-tone complex; or (3) a broadband noise. Maskers repeated at 300-ms intervals throughout testing at 60 dB SPL. The signal was presented simultaneously w...

Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT) have the advantages of both solid dosage form specially the stability and ease of handling and liquid dosage forms including ease of swallowing and pre-gastric absorption. We focused on taste masking and formulation of ranitidine ODT which disintegrates rapidly in the mouth within 60 seconds using super-disintegrants, special polymers, water soluble and even ...

Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT) have the advantages of both solid dosage form specially the stability and ease of handling and liquid dosage forms including ease of swallowing and pre-gastric absorption. We focused on taste masking and formulation of ranitidine ODT which disintegrates rapidly in the mouth within 60 seconds using super-disintegrants, special polymers, water soluble and even ...

The objective of this paper is to extend a promising objective speech distortion measurement method, the Bark Spectral Distance (BSD) measure, with the auditory concepts of forward and backward temporal masking to improve its measurement accuracy. The results of this investigation show that automatic BSD-based speech quality ratings may be made to correlate better with existing MOS ratings by r...

The Modified Bark Spectral Distortion (MBSD), used for an objective speech quality measure, was presented previously [1][2]. The MBSD measure estimates speech distortion in the loudness domain taking into account the noise masking threshold in order to include only audible distortions in the calculation of the distortion measure. Preliminary simulation results have shown improvement of the MBSD...

Three amplitude-discrimination experiments within a backward masking task were carried out to study whether young children have a slower rate of perceptual processing than do adults. Rate of processing was defined within an explicit model of perceptual performance that allows the investigator to determine if rate is responsible for developmental differences in auditory discrimination. A develop...

Although passively administered antibodies are known to suppress the humoral immune response, the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we developed a mathematical model to better understand the suppression phenomena in mice. Using this model, we tested the generally accepted but difficult to prove "epitope masking hypothesis." To simulate the hypothesis and clearly observe masking of epitop...