Purpose- Lately after the occurrence of Covid-19, there has been a substantial wave foreign aid funds from developed to developing economies aimed back up most effected countries. The concept aids with primary goal eradicate poverty is not new economy and social development scholars since it researched for decades. Methodology- eradication was adopted what so called Millennium Development (1990...

i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...

abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...

Addiction Research Centre1, Clinical Toxicology Department2, Cardiac Anaesthesia Research Centre, Emergency Department3, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences4, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences5, Tehran, Iran, Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouv...

JEL CLASSIFICATION C26, C99, D03, I18. PSYCINFO CLASSIFICATION 2360; 3920.

Context. Among optical stellar interferometers, the CHARA Array located at Mt Wilson in California offers the potential of very long baselines (up to 330 m) and the prospect of coupling multiple beam combiners. This paper presents the principle and the measured performance of VEGA, Visible spEctroGraph and polArimeter installed in September 2007 at the coherent focus of the array. Aims. With 0....

This paper examines 1,313 regions from 46 developing countries to document that individuals working outside the context of a firm (own-account workers and family workers) are consistently overrepresented among poorest in their labor markets.JEL Codes: I32, J21.

A price rise signifies a fall in purchasing power, if there is no commensurate increase in income. Thus the pertinent question in the face of the phenomenal rise during the 1990s in the prices of the food articles, which account for a major chunk of the total expenditure of the poor, is whether there has been a corresponding increase in the incomes of the poor. The present paper is a modest att...

This paper examines the link between intra-household allocation of ownership rights and fertility using data from a nation-wide titling program in Peru. A stated objective of the Peruvian program was to improve gender inequality of property ownership by including female names on land titles. I use data from the target population of urban poor to study whether improvements in ownership equality ...

JEL classification: C65, D63, D71, D81 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 91B16