Scholars often speak of ancient Greek masculinity and manhood as if there were a single, monolithic, simple conception. I will show that the ancient Greeks, like us today, had competing models or constructions of gender and that what it meant to be a man was different in different contexts. I will focus on three constructions of the masculine gender in ancient (classical and post-classical) Gre...

We develop a model describing how certain American men, those men who have been described as emasculated by recent socioeconomic changes, construct themselves as masculine through their everyday consumption. We find that American mass culture idealizes the man-of-action hero—an idealized model of manhood that resolves the inherent weaknesses in two other prominent models (the breadwinner and th...

Men's testosterone is associated with several constructs that are linked to dominance rank, such as risk-taking, mating success, and aggression. However, no study has directly tested the relationship between men's self-perceived dominance and testosterone using an experimental design. We employed a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled paradigm to assess whether testosterone influen...

This study examines the lexical representation and processing of noun-noun compounds and their grammatical gender during speech production in German, a language that codes for grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Using a picture-word interference paradigm, participants produced determiner-compound noun phrases in response to pictures, while ignoring written distractor words. Co...

Previous studies on face preferences have found that online and laboratory experiments yield similar results with samples from developed countries, where the majority of the population has internet access. No study has yet explored whether the same holds true in developing countries, where the majority of the population does not have internet access. This gap in the literature has become increa...

The gender of the adjective and the participle depends on the gender of the noun. Green can be feminine, neuter, or masculine; which gender it has depends on the noun it modifies. As Pesetsky & Torrego (2007) (PT) note, the dependence of the gender value of adjectives and participles on the syntactic context in which they occur can be easily captured if they are lexically unvalued for gender: t...

BACKGROUND Syncope due to carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) may be underdiagnosed due to a low level of diagnostic suspicion and fear of complications caused by massage of the carotid sinus. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relevance of carotid sinus massage in the diagnosis of non-convulsive faints and unexplained falls. METHODS Two-hundred and fifty-nine patients with a mean age of 50+/-24...

Previous research has found a relationship between diierent measures of androgyny and performance on cognitive tests that diierentially favor, on average, either men or women. The present experiment was designed to test the relationship between androgyny, as measured by body proportions, salivary testosterone levels (T levels) and the Bem Sex Role lnventory (BSRI), and perfomance on sex-biased ...

It has been shown that mental rotation of objects and human body parts is processed differently in the human brain. But what about body parts belonging to other primates? Does our brain process this information like any other object or does it instead maximize the structural similarities with our homologous body parts? We tried to answer this question by measuring the manual reaction time (MRT)...

German pronouns (er(MALE/masculine), sie(FEMALE/feminine)) that refer to a person are determined by the biological gender (MALE/FEMALE) and/or syntactic gender (masculine/feminine) of the person. Pronouns (er(masculine), sie(feminine)) that refer to a thing are determined by the syntactic gender of this thing (Garten [garden]masculine, Tasche [hand-bag]feminine). The study aimed to investigate ...