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Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper considers the mechanism by which changing house values impact U.S. household spending. The results suggest that house values affect consumption by serving as collateral for households to borrow against to smooth their spending. The results show that the consumption of households who need to borrow against their home equity increases...

This paper is concerned with the Turkish view of First World War as reflected through Mehmet Akif Ersoy’s ‘Çanakkale Şehitleri’ (To Martyrs Dardanelles) in comparison to English war poets and argues that attitude very different from terms patriotism sacrifice for one’s country. The most important feature who wrote during all them, except Rupert Brooke, died malaria, participated personally thei...

PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to examine conceptual issues that challenge development of valid and useful measures of children's participation. METHOD Ambiguities in the current definition of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are examined along with their implications for developing valid measures for children and youth. RESULTS...