NASA’s Phoenix lander identified perchlorate and carbonate salts on Mars. Perchlorates are rare on Earth, and carbonates have largely been ignored on Mars following the discovery by NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers of acidic precipitated minerals such as jarosite. In light of the Phoenix results, we updated the aqueous thermodynamic model FREZCHEM to include perchlorate chemistry. FREZCHEM models...

Introduction: Alteration minerals are important indicators of thermochemical environments at the time of their formation – and thus indicators for the potential habitability of a site [1,2]. Therefore, the detection of alteration minerals, especially nontronite [3], on Mars was an important step to understand Mars’ hydrous history. This initial finding was followed by the detection of a wide va...

We have investigated the remanent coupling between a softmagnetic and a hard-magnetic film separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer. It turned out that the remanent coupling angle of the soft-magnetic layer relative to the hard-magnetic layer can be adjusted by temporarily applied external fields. The underlying mechanism is the competition between the exchange field and the soft layer coercive ...

This note summarizes the results from the Mars recent climate change workshop at NASA/Ames Research Center, May 15–17, 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. 1. Background and context Climate change on Mars has been a subject of great interest to planetary scientists since the 1970s when orbiting spacecraft first discovered fluvial landforms on its ancient surfaces and layered terrains in its polar r...

[1] The Martian outflow channels were carved by the eruption of catastrophic floods from groundwater aquifers. This study models the time evolution of a typical outflow channel flood originating within a chaos region. The flood initiates when superlithostatic pore pressures within a confined aquifer lead to the propagation of hydrofractures through the confining cryosphere to the surface. The p...

BACKGROUND Determining real effects on internet dependency is too crucial with unbiased and robust statistical method. MARS is a new non-parametric method in use in the literature for parameter estimations of cause and effect based research. MARS can both obtain legible model curves and make unbiased parametric predictions. METHODS In order to examine the performance of MARS, MARS findings wi...

In Mars rover missions, a high degree of accuracy in localization of the rover and mapping of the surrounding terrain is of fundamental importance for safe rover navigation and for achievement of scientific and engineering goals. In the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) 2003 mission, ground image-based incremental bundle adjustment (BA) technology has been performed on Earth to correct rover positio...

Introduction: Obliquity is a strong control on post-Noachian Martian climate [1]. However, Martian obliquity is chaotic and dynamical models produce a wide range of instantaneous and long-term average values [2]. Here, we model the effect of Mars mean obliquity on the distribution of fresh elliptic crater orientations. To achieve this we used an N-body simulation to estimate the time-averaged d...